Abduction and Hypothesis Withdrawal in Science Essay examples -- Scien

Abduction and Hypothesis Withdrawal in Science addict This paper introduces an epistemological model of scientific reasoning which can be described in terms of abduction, deduction and induction. The aim is to emphasize the significance of abduction in order to illustrate the problem-solving process and to propose a coordinated epistemological model of scientific breakthrough. The model first describes the different meanings of the scholarship operation abduction (creative, selective, to the best explanation, visual) in order to clarify their significance for epistemology and artificial intelligence. In different theoretical changes in theoretical systems we witness different kinds of find processes operating. Discovery methods are data-driven, explanation-driven (abductive), and coherence-driven (formed to overwhelm contradictions). Sometimes there is a diversity of such methods for example, an hypothesis devoted to overcome a contradiction is lay out by abduction. Contradic tion, far from damaging a system, help to indicate regions in which it can be changed and improved. I will also consider a kind of weak hypothesis that is hard to negate and the ways for fashioning it easy. In these cases the subject can rationally decide to withdraw his or her hypotheses even in contexts where it is impossible to find explicit contradictions and anomalies. Here, the use of negation as failure (an interesting technique for negating hypotheses and accessing new ones suggested by artificial intelligence and cognitive scientists) is illuminating I. Abduction and Scientific DiscoveryPhilosophers of science in the twentieth century have traditionally distinguished between the logic of discovery and the logic of justification. Most have conclude... ...s imbrutedd on set covering fire model, International Journal on Man-Machine Studies, 19, pp. 443-460.C. Shelley, 1996, Visual abductive reasoning in archaeology, ism of Science, 63(2), pp. 278-301.J. C. Shepherdson, 19 84, Negation as failure a comparison of Clarks completed data base and Reiters closed world assumption, Journal of Logic Programming, 1(1), 1984, 51-79.________, 1988, Negation in logic programming, in J. Minker (ed.), Foundations of Deductive Databases, Morgan Kaufmann, Los Altos, CA, pp. 19-88.P. Thagard, 1988, Computational Philosophy of Science, Cambridge, MA, The MIT Press.________, 1992, Conceptual Revolutions, Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press.________ and C. Shelley, 1994, Limitations of current formal models of abductive reasoning, plane section of Philosophy, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, forthcoming.