The Role of Ethical Theories in Handling Practical Problems in Medical Ethics

The Role of Ethical Theories in Handling Practical Problems in Medical Ethics Introduction There is variation between what feels right and what is right. This is the basic principle that brings about the considerations of ethics in whatever activity man engages in. We should not only do what feels right but also do the right thing as a way of upholding the ethical standards expected of us all.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of Ethical Theories in Handling Practical Problems in Medical Ethics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There are quite a number of platforms where strict ethical considerations must be incorporated in order to come up with plausible results that will not have negative impacts on the conscience of both the decision makers and their subjects. It is important to note, therefore, that decisions instigated by ethics are not just what feel right to us as the decision makers but what are right for both us and whoever our decisions would have impacts on. The significance o f ethics has become apparent in the general practices that we engage ourselves in. Therefore, it is wrong to assume that ethics only apply in death and life matters in the professional lives of medical practitioners. Many have since thought that ethical considerations only apply in issues of abortion, euthanasia and contraception. On the contrary, ethical considerations must be incorporated in practically every medical consultation (Pence, 2007). This is inconsiderate of whether medical examinations will follow or not. It must be noted that the dignity of patients has to be upheld in the process of either medical consultation or examination. Additionally, practitioners must understand the specific expectations needs of patient in relation to their medical complications as a mode of improving both the physical and mental outcomes of their interaction with patients. This paper is a discussion of whether ethical theories have an imperative role to play in addressing practical complicat ions in medical ethics or not. It also includes a detailed discussion on how the general ethical considerations are supposed to be incorporated in medical practices in order to foster decisions that have the best impacts on both the decision makers and the parties on whom the decisions made would have impacts. In the discussion, I will agree with the fact that ethical theories are indeed important in addressing practical complications in medical ethics. How are we supposed to make ethical decisions? People have, in most occasions, made decisions on an intuitive basis. This means that they have made decisions that feel right to them. However, this approach of decision making has quite a number of setbacks. For instance, there is always no guaranteed success of this approach in cases where the decision makers had never met a similar complication before.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Lea rn More This is because the consequences of the decisions made remain uncertain until they are actually manifested. That notwithstanding, decisions instigated by mere intuitions might be difficult to defend if challenged. This is purely because someone’s feeling may contradict totally with the societal ethical standards (Palmer, 2008). The different moral theories make one understand and evaluate the consequences of the decisions he or she is yet to make in relation to medical complications. I will base my arguments and rational decisions that need to be made concerning medical complications on basic ethical theories. These theories include consequentialism, deontology and principlism. It is imperative that rational decisions are made in virtually all occasions of medical complications. These decisions need not only to conform to the feelings of the parties involved but also to the societal norms and their guiding principles. The theory of concequentialism is based on the fact that the consequences of each course of action are the only things that matter as far as rational decision making is concerned (Pence, 2007). As a matter of fact, only positive consequences that guarantee the happiness of both parties involved in a medical complication are needed. For this reason, we can note, therefore, that this theory focuses on decisions that will only yield positive outcomes; outcomes that will please everyone involved. A good example of a medical complication that has sparked numerous ethical concerns is the intake of contraceptives. Even though this has been a topic of discussion for quite some time, it is important to take into consideration the fact that its utilization yields positive outcomes (Pence, 2007). For instance, the use of contraceptives controls the size of a family hence making it relatively manageable. This applies especially to middle and low class families. This is a sign of happiness because all the members in the family become co ntented as opposed to when the family is larger but with the same income (Palmer, 2008).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of Ethical Theories in Handling Practical Problems in Medical Ethics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, not everyone agrees with the fact that the use of contraceptives brings happiness to both its users and prescribers. Others may argue that is it difficult to measure the degree of happiness in such scenarios. This is because someone may be offended by what makes another man happy. That aside, the critics of this theory also argue that the expected good consequences of a decision may turn out to be unexpectedly bad. For example, the effects of contraceptives on the bodies of their consumers may be harmful hence surpassing the perceived positive consequences. This, according to critics, explains the difficulty in banking so much on perceived positivity of decisions. Critics say tha t concequentialism may also compel people to resort to bizarre solutions with the aim of ensuring that all parties involved are happy (Pence, 2007). Deontology, as opposed to concequentialism, states that what should be important in decisions are not their consequences but moral obligations that prompt us into making the decision. The decisions made in line with this theory take into account moral duties and not their consequences. There are basic moral duties that form the foundation of deontology. They include the moral duties of not harming others, being kind to them, always telling the truth and keeping promises. Others include fair judgment and being thankful for assistance offered. In the case of a hospital with three patients; two of whom need heart and liver transplant respectively and the last one healing from an attempted suicide, one would argue that the patient who attempted to take away his life should be killed and his organs given to the other patients who want to liv e. It is not morally upright to kill a person even if that will save the lives of two or more people. This illustrates the significance of ignoring the consequences of a decision and focusing on its moral acceptance. The patients in this case should be left to heal through means that will not violate the societal ethical value of not inflicting harm to others. In the event that the two patients that need organ transplant are unable to find compatible donors, the other patient who wants to die must not be denied the right to live if he still has the chance to, all in the name of yielding positive results without taking into account the moral consequences (Pence, 2007).Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A critic will argue that no moral duty should be considered as absolute. They say that the moral duties, however, should be followed to their latter until a pressing one surfaces. This implies that these duties only apply in other occasions but are overlooked when better options come along inconsiderate of the grave consequences of the other better options. Others have also argued that the moral duties are only valid to those that believe in them. Just like religious people depend on their faith for some answers and non-religious people do not believe in their faith, other people too do not follow moral duties simply because they do not believe in them. They say that the origin of the laws encrypted in the moral duties is uncertain (Palmer, 2008). The theory of principlism amalgamates just actions with the principle that preaches no harm to others. It also fosters autonomy and the act of doing well to others. Philosophers have since argued that these four principles can play an impe rative role in tackling virtually any ethical problem that may arise. For this reason, this theory can as well be applied in handling medical ethics and their related complications. Just like other theories, this too has faced criticism. People have it pinned down by disapproving of its validity as an ethical theory. They say it is a mere amalgamation of principles that are already incorporated in other theories (Palmer, 2008). Conclusion In conclusion, therefore, ethical theories play an imperative role in addressing practical problems in medical ethics. They assist in the making of rational decisions that are not only aimed at yielding positive results but also ensuring that all the parties involved are satisfied. Medical practitioners should apply ethical theories in every step of their decision making process in order to shun cases of incomprehensible medical decisions (Pence, 2007). References Palmer, M. F. (2008). Moral problems in medicine: A practical coursebook. Cambridge: Lutterworth Press. Pence, G. E. (2007). Classic cases in medical ethics: Accounts of cases that have shaped medical ethics, with philosophical, legal, and historical backgrounds. Boston: McGraw-Hill.

How to Plant, Prune, and Understand a Golden Rain-Tree

How to Plant, Prune, and Understand a Golden Rain-Tree Golden rain-tree, Koelreuteria paniculata, grows 30 to 40 feet tall with an equal spread in a broad vase or globe shape. Rain-trees are sparingly branched, but with a perfectly-balanced and beautiful density. Golden rain-tree tolerates dryness and casts little shade because of its open growth habit. It makes a good street or parking lot tree, particularly where overhead or soil space is limited. Although it has a reputation for being weak-wooded, rain-tree is rarely attacked by pests and grows in a wide range of soils. Rain-tree bears large, beautiful panicles of bright yellow flowers in May and holds seed pods that look like brown Chinese lanterns. Horticulturist Mike Dirr describes the golden rain-tree in Manual of Woody Landscape Plants Their Identification, Ornamental Characteristics, Culture, Propogation and Uses as a beautiful dense tree of regular outline, sparingly branched, the branches spreading and ascending...in our garden, two trees literally stop traffic in late August and early September. Golden Rain-Tree Specifics Scientific name: Koelreuteria paniculataPronunciation: kole-roo-TEER-ee-uh pan-ick-yoo-LAY-tuhCommon name: Goldenraintree, Varnish-Tree, Chinese flametreeFamily: SapindaceaeUSDA hardiness zones: 5b through 9Origin: not native to North AmericaUses: container or above-ground planter, large and medium-sized parking lot islands, medium to wide lawnsAvailability: generally available in areas within its hardiness range Cultivars Fastigiata golden rain-tree has an upright growth habit. September flowers later in the year than other rain-tree cultivars. Stadhers Hill produces deep reddish fruits. Foliage and Flowers Leaf arrangement: alternateLeaf type: even-pinnately compound, odd-pinnately compoundLeaflet margin: lobed, incised, serrateLeaflet shape: oblong, ovateLeaflet venation: pinnateLeaf type and persistence: deciduousLeaflet blade length: 2 to 4 inches, less than 2 inchesLeaf color: greenFall color: vivid fall colorFlower color and characteristics: yellow and vivid, summer flowering Planting and Management Golden rain-tree bark is thin and easily damaged from mechanical impact. Limbs droop as the tree grows, so they will require pruning for vehicular or pedestrian clearance beneath the canopy. Rain-trees should be grown with a single leader. There is some pruning required to develop a strong structure. Rain-tree has some resistance to breakage. The Golden Rain-Tree Root System Golden rain-trees root system is coarse, with few (but large) roots. Transplant these trees when theyre young, or transplant them from containers. Do not transplant in the fall, as the success rate is limited at this time of year. The rain-tree is considered a city-tolerant tree due to its ability to withstand air pollution, drought, heat, and alkaline soils. It also tolerates some salt spray but requires well-drained soil. Golden rain-tree is an excellent yellow flowering tree and perfect for urban planting. It makes a nice patio tree, creating light shade. However, its brittle wood can break easily in windy weather, so there can be some mess. The tree has only a few branches when it is young. Light pruning to increase branchiness will increase the trees attractiveness. Prune the golden rain-tree while its still young to space major branches along the trunk and create a strong branch structure. This way, the tree will be longer-lived and require little maintenance. Dead wood is often present in the canopy and should be removed periodically to maintain a neat appearance. Only single-stemmed trees trained in the nursery with well-spaced branches should be planted along streets and parking lots. Source: Michael A. Dirr. Manual of Woody Landscape Plants Their Identification, Ornamental Characteristics, Culture, Propogation and Uses. Revised edition, Stipes Pub LLC, January 1, 1990, IL.

Consumer's Shopping Experience Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Consumer's Shopping Experience - Essay Example Thus from the discussion we can arrive at the definitions of the three types of purchases. The low involvement purchase implies the buying process where the purchasers do not perceive the product to be crucial enough and do not relate with it strongly (staff.uny.ac., n.d.). In this type of purchase decision the customer puts the least effort in browsing, comparing and selecting activities. Example of low involvement purchase could be purchasing casual daily wear t-shirts. The medium involvement purchase implies the purchase of products like the grocery items like toothpaste and newspaper etc. that requires medium level of information gathering endeavor and the buyer attaches themselves with the product to a medium level. For a medium level product the buyer puts a moderate level of effort towards the browsing, comparing and selecting procedure. The high involvement purchase deals with high level of involvement of the customer with the product or service they are planning to purchase. These types of products or services are way more expensive than the medium and low involvement products. The time spent on the decision making process is the longest for the high involvement products. ... Among these categories chocolates, dairy products and ice-creams will be categorized as the high-involvement products, while the Purina pet care will be considered as the medium involvement purchase and the bottled water will be the low involvement purchase. Marketing strategies undertaken by the makers of Nestle would encourage the consumer to search for all the information regarding low involvement purchases, medium involvement purchases and high involvement purchases since the operations and activities of Nestle are quite transparent and all the information are available online. The consumers have the option to make the purchase online through the Nestle nutrition store. For a high involvement purchase the marketer must present some information regarding the product or service which the help the creation of an encouraging attitude for the brand that will consequently result in a purchase. The advertisements in this case should be focused on the factual significance. The problem re cognition state in this case reflects the doubt in the mind of the consumer regarding the purchase decision which can only be answered by the availability of detailed information related to price, quality and material of the product. The problem in the case of medium involvement purchase requires an adequate amount of information and a good amount of time for comparing the similar products. In this case the marketer must come up with effective promotional campaigns to influence the decision of the purchasers. The low involvement purchase decision gives rise to the issue of lack of loyalty. In this case the marketer requires creating and maintaining brand reliability among

How self-concept, perception, and emotion impact interpersonal Essay

How self-concept, perception, and emotion impact interpersonal communication - Essay Example a brief overview of the theories that are relevant in interpersonal communication, analyze how these theories are relevant in producing effective interpersonal communication, and how interpersonal communication as a process can be manipulated to produce better communication outcomes. Interpersonal communication is the process of interacting between two different individuals, which can be done either face-to-face or through other forms of mediation. It can be studied in four different perspectives: relational or qualitative; situational or contextual; quantitative; and functional or strategic. In the relational perspective, interpersonal communication is seen as a shared process between the sender and the receiver. There is simultaneous interaction between the sender and the receiver, with the aim of creating meaning. In the situational or contextual perspective, interpersonal communication is viewed as part of the specific context to which the sender and the receiver belong. The quantitative perspective is unique from the other perspectives in that it also encompasses not only dyadic interactions as is but also impersonal communication. Functional or strategic perspective emphasizes interpersonal communication as a process to achieve a certain purpose, particula rly, to achieve interpersonal goals (Honors, 2001). Interpersonal communication has four basic elements: the sender—the person from whom the message comes from; the message—the information being sent by the sender to the receiver; the receiver—the person to whom the message is being sent to from the sender; and the feedback or the response of the receiver to the message sent by the sender. Emotion is a complex concept that refers to the mental state that provokes a physiological response, positive or negative (Emotion, 2003). It is differentiated from feeling in that emotions are physiological responses and does not arise from any conscious effort. Theories on Interpersonal Communication usually

Business Law Assignment Essay Example for Free

Business Law Assignment Essay This essay will explain the following four questions. First, would registration with the SEC be required for Dakota Gasworks securities? Second, Did Emerson violate Section 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and SEC Rule 10b-5? Third what theory or theories might a court use to hold Wallace liable for insider trading? Finally, under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, who would be required to certify the accuracy of financial statements filed with the SEC? Would registration with the SEC be required for Dakota Gasworks securities? Why or why not? Reliant Energy has registered securities and faces a takeover attempt, or third party tender offer, then the SEC’s tender offer rules will apply to the transaction. The filings required by these rules provide information to the public about the person making the tender offer. The company, Dakota Gasworks, is experiencing the takeover so they must file with the SEC its responses to the tender offer. These rules set time limits for the tender offer and provide some protection to shareholders. Did Emerson violate Section 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and SEC Rule 10b-5? Why or why not? Moreover, Emerson did violate rule 10b-5 of the Securities exchange act, in where it protects against insider trading; which is the purchase or sale by person with access to information not available to those whom with those they deal or general traders. The person passing the information of the takeover, Emerson, violated this rule by passing information that wasn’t regularly available to general traders. What theory or theories might a court use to hold Wallace liable for insider trading? Furthermore, the theory behind the prohibiting insider trading is that is undermines investor confidence in the fairness and integrity of the securities markets. The SEC claims that finding and prosecuting insider trading violations is one of its enforcement priorities, and all investors need to be aware of the danger in trading from spoken knowledge that is not  publicly known to people who base their trading on this information. Under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, who would be required to certify the accuracy of financial statements filed with the SEC? Finally, the intent of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act is to protect investors by improving the accuracy and reliability of corporate disclosures made pursuant to the securities laws, and for other purposes. The Act requires all financial reports to include an internal control report. This is designed to show that not only are the companys financial data accurate, but the company has confidence in them because adequate controls are in place to safeguard financial data. Year-end financial reports must contain an assessment of the effectiveness of the internal controls. The issuers auditing firm is required to attest to that assessment. The auditing firm does this after reviewing controls, policies, and procedures during a Section 4040 audit, conducted along with a traditional financial audit. Under Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the CEO and CFO of public companies are required to certify the accuracy of financial statements filed with the SEC. References: 1. Miller, Roger Jentz, Gaylord (2010) Fundamentals of Business Law: Summarized Cases 8th Edition, Cengage Learning. 2. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act 2002. (n.d.). The Sarbanes-Oxley Act 2002. Retrieved December 19, 2012 from http://www.soxlaw.com/

Essay --

The Umayyad dwelling was one of the foremost clans of the Quraysh tribe. Uthman was the the third "Righteous Caliph", was the first Umayyad caliph. Throughout his tenure (644-655), he appointed and provided advantages to the members of his clan for various key positions; in specific, Muawiya b. Abi Sufyan was granted the governorship of Syria. Upon the accession of Ali to the caliphate, Muawiya denied paying him perks, and in 658 the Syrians recognized Muawiya as caliph. That year he retained control of Egypt; following Ali's death in 661, he restrained Iraq and then formally established himself as caliph. The first line of Umayyads were the Sufyanids (descendants of Abu Sufyan) who directed from 661- 684. Under Muawiya (661-680) the capital of the Muslim domain was moved to Damascus. He is credited with raising a highly-trained armed detachment of Syrian fighters which was utilised to elaborate Muslim administration east into Khorasan and west into North Africa. Muawiya furthermore commanded excursions into Anatolia starting in 672 which culminated in a failed three-year control of Constantinople (674-677). He kept the administrative organisations left by the Byzantines and Persians but consolidated his administration by appointing kinsmen to key mails. Before his death, Muawiya protected allegiance to his son, Yazid, therefore introducing dynastic succession to Muslim direct. Muawiya was the child of Abu Sufyan, the foremost of the Abd Shams clan. Most of the constituents of Abd Shams had turned down Muhammad's prophetic objective until Muhammad's conquest of Mecca in 630. Muawiya and his dad are advised to be among those enemies who were reconciled to Islam through gifts. Muawiya then assisted as one of Muhammad's scribes. Thro... ...ng Greek and Pahlavi. For all that, the Umayyads, during the ninety years of their leadership, seldom agitated off their empire's status as a mulk - that is, a worldly kingdom - and in the last years of the dynasty their adversaries formed a mystery organization dedicated to pushing the claims to the caliphate put ahead by a descendant of al-'Abbas ibn 'Abd al-Muttalib, an uncle of the Prophet. By clever groundwork, this organization rallied to its origin numerous mutually hostile assemblies in Khorasan and Iraq and declared Abu al-'Abbas caliph. Marwan ibn Muhammad, the last Umayyad caliph, was beaten and the Syrians, still trusted to the Umayyads, were put to rout. Only one man of importance got away the catastrophe - 'Abd al-Rahman ibn Mu'awiyah al-Dakhil, a juvenile prince who with a trusted servant escaped to Spain and in 756 set up an Umayyad Dynasty there.

Supply Chain Process for Apple & Zara

Customers place orders and purchase phones through authorized dealers/ retailers. 2. Dealers/retailers such as Singlet, epicenter etc runs low in stock and require replenishment from distributors. 3. Various distribution centers runs low in inventories, this triggers manufacturer (Foxing) for more ‘phones to be manufactured and shipped. 4. Manufacturer Foxing starts production schedule planning, procurement of raw materials are done prior to manufacturing actively. Figure 1. 2 To competitive strategy consists of all functions that exist in Apple's phone value Hahn.Below shows an example of how an ‘phone's value chain will look like. Components Design Build SO / Lull APS Branding Marketing Sales Billing Network Figure 1. 3 Primarily Outsourced Primarily Apple Looking at the above figure 1. 3, strategy of apple is to outsource functions such as network, billing, components and build. In this case, contracting manufacturer that handles the build function will be Foxing in Ch ina. Apple by engaging contract manufacturers such as Foxing, utilizes their economies of scale with high volume and low manufacturing cost as a result of low labor cost in China.The supply chain strategy here involves long-term partnership with contract manufacturer Foxing, apple enjoys various advantages which includes cost savings, improving operations and gaining of outside technologies and expertise. All these advantages helps Apple to remain competitive in the mobile phone manufacturing market in providing consumers with a product of high level technology at an affordable price. Figure 1. 4 The above figure 1. 4 illustrates the component level outsourcing of Apple phone, the plan here is using the contract manufacturer to procure raw components that areApple specific suppliers. These components from different countries, however the supply chain strategy from apple is to purchase most or all of the components from Taiwan. This approach can help to cut short the logistics requir ed to deliver the components to Foxing in China, Taiwan also enjoys and relatively short distance from China which in terms helps in saving logistics transportation costs. However it has one serious disadvantage, if Taiwan were to get into an economical decline or become politically unstable then it could actually destroy Apple phone's industry.The supply chain network design often puts one firm in control of it's long term supply chain strategy. Apple utilizes technology, marketing and efficient distribution and distributes different weight age to each category to achieve strategic fit. The phone's vast distribution channels by various network providers as well as resellers such as Challenger and Catchy, also though official retail stores and online stores all around the world. In this case Apple is capable of meeting high demand and reaches out to as many customers as possible using that vast network of distribution.Apple phone's supply chain strategy involves making use of an eff ective network design: 1 . Competing in the global smart phone market by providing the latest technology, innovation and product design. 2. Meeting global demand by setting up various regional distribution channels such as retail storage with consumer pickup and manufacturer storage with direct shipping. 3. Tapping onto expertise of contract manufacturers (Foxing Sheen), taking advantage of lower labor cost. 4. Making use of efficient raw component sourcing from various regions, cutting short logistics cost by consolidating sourcing to one region (Taiwan).The strategic fit of Ezra is related to the consistent demand from consumers with how Ezra respond to the ever changing preferences and needs. The supply chain strategy of Ezra is to construct consistency across consumers and company supply chain, it starts with customer's priorities to getting onto the competitive edge. Ezra utilizes a vertically integrated supply chain that response efficiently to consumers, strategic fit is ther efore achieved by sustaining this form of high responsiveness to customer needs. Deposit Margin Distribution Purchase suppliesOperations competitive strategy of Ezra will consists of all functions in the below Sara's value chain (figure 1. 5). Figure 1. 5 As you notice, Ezra utilizes in-house production, which Ezra in this case is able to harness the flexibility in variety, quantity and frequency of new styles of products. Thus Ezra is able to constantly provide customers with the most updated products, this cuts short the response time on meeting various customer demands. By doing this, Ezra is able to achieve competitive strategy by offering cutting edge fashion with time during different seasons and trends of markets.

SWOT Analysis of Nestle Australia Ltd Essay

Executive Summary This SWOT (strength, weakness, opportunity, threat) report examines those four areas of a new Nestle product in the market. This product has a new and unique mixture that has never been in the local market shelves ever before. Although this report is mainly about the new product, it also looks at the history of Nestle and goes into depth about the SWOT of the company. Introduction and background: This area provides a brief overview of the company’s products that has already been in the market, its current market, and relevant history of the breakfast products of Nestle. SWOT table: A one page table that state the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of this product. Findings: A one page explanation of the points listed in the SWOT table, and ranking it from the most important to the least. Recommendations: A two page description of the new product, and justification of the choice made by choosing this product using at least one of the four analysis points. Introduction Nestle is the world’s leading food company. Nestle was found in 1866 by Henri Nestle and became one of the biggest food and beverage company. Nestle started at providing babies food with high quality. However, in recent years, Nestle has focused on nutrition, health and wellbeing. Since establishment until now, Nestle has been through 6 stages: 1866 – 1918: Food products for babies and Powder milk; 1918 – 1944: Chocolate, Coffee and Fresh milk; 1944 – 1975: Fast food Maggi; 1975 – 1981: Fast food products; 1981 – 1996: Yogurt and Butter; 1966 – Present: Ice cream. Nestle develops its company by the way of acquisition; they acquire other international companies to expand their market. However, it also faces the risk of controlling their business with a large market from different locations. Many companies enter into the food industry which has increased the number of competitors in this market. Nestle has focused on finding and  developing new products that concentrate on health and how to maintain customer’s health. The main competitors of Nestle are Unilever, PepsiCo Inc., Kraft Foods Group Inc., and Groupe Danone S.A. Through five years, the profit of Nestle Australia was decrease because of the competition of other companies; in 2012 it profit was 248,505 million. Table 1: Financial of Nestle in the last 5 years This report will recognize some strengths, weakness, opportunity and threat for Nestle. The below section has taken a brief overview of SWOT analysis. In the discussion section, the key of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and weaknesses are analyzed in more particular. Finally, the suggestion for the company is made. SWOT Analysis Strength Weakness 1. World’s largest beverage and food company ($7 billion in revenue). 2. Affordable product price 3. Wide range of product catalogue 4. Research & Development capabilities (food and nutrition research) 5. Distribution channels and geographic presence 6. Competency in mergers and acquisitions 1. Inability to provide consistent quality in food products 2. Employees’ safety failure 3. Customer fears to try the unique mixture product of nestle 4. High Spending on advertising 5. Weak implementation of Corporate Social Responsibility Opportunities Threat 1. Brand image (advertising and promoting targeting children) 2. Increasing demand for healthier food products 3. Establishing new joint ventures 4. Uses many type of marketing to promote their product 1. Competition 2. Substitute goods 3. Food contamination 4. Rising of raw material price 5. Trend towards healthy eating Discussion Strengths As Nestlà © is a world renowned brand it has certain key core competencies. One would be the unmatched product and brand portfolio. The business offers one of the widest portfolios of food and brewery products in its sector. It also operates 29 brands that earn more than $1 billion in annual revenues. With more than 8,000 products it is hard for any other corporate to compete against Nestlà ©. Second would be the company’s ability to grow with research and development. Nestlà © invested more than $2 billion in research and development in 2011. It’s introducing new and redesigned products every year, strengthening firm’s competitive advantage. Third would be the distribution channels and geographic presence. Nestlà © runs in more than 100 countries and has extensive distribution channel all over the world, which supports its operations globally. Fourth is the core competency in mergers and acquisitions. Over the years Nestlà © has been forming successful partnerships and acquiring other companies in order to grow and maintain its leadership in the market. Lastly the brand reputation valued at $7 billion. Nestlà © is known almost everywhere and has a reputable brand for its products that are used by millions every day. Weaknesses Nestlà © has its weaknesses however it is very minimal in comparison to other companies. One would be its Inability to provide consistent quality in food products. Nestlà © has been recalling many products from trade due to food contamination or poor quality supplies. This does not only hurt firm’s sales but its image as well as the business is unable to control quality of the products. Another would be its weak implementation of corporate social responsibility. The company has announced and is involved in many programs that aim to make company more eco-friendly and improving the working  conditions of its suppliers. Still, Nestlà © receives a lot criticism over the effectiveness of its programs. Opportunities Every individual company is seeking to maximise their opportunities, However, when taken into consideration few key areas can be taken into account. First is the increasing demand for healthier food products. The trend of buying and consuming only healthy food products is a major shift in consumer tastes and opens up an immense market for companies. Currently, Nestlà © tries to introduce more healthy food products in response to the trend. Another is acquiring start-ups specializing in producing well-being products. Many new start-ups are forming and introducing new products for well-being or revolutionizing the ways those products are made. Start-ups are cheap and can easily be acquired. Nestlà © is focusing on providing more well-being products and this is a great opportunity to expand its portfolio. Another good opportunity for Nestlà © would be establishing new joint ventures. Nestle is already involved in many successful partnerships with major world companies like The Coca-C ola Company and Android. Threats Majority of the companies in businesses face threats on daily basis however, it the actions that need to be taken in order to minimise future threats. One major factor is Food contamination. Although it is Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s responsibility to run thorough quality checks of its products, the company had been reportedly providing contaminated food or other products to the market. Such actions hurt company’s reputation and result in losses. Second would be the trend towards healthy eating. Nestlà © is a major supplier of chocolate and chocolate drinks that have high level of calories and due to changing customer habits, will experience decline in demand. As the Growth of private labels is rapidly increasing, this may have a long term effect on Nestlà ©. The growing number of supermarkets and other retailers are introducing their own label products that cost less and can easily compete with Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s product portfolio. Lastly, rising raw food prices which generates a ma ssive impact for all businesses. With an overall growth of world economy and population, the demand for raw food will rise. The result of that will be higher material costs and squeezed margin for Nestlà ©. Recommendations The Entourage’s new idea is a novel, unique and inspired product whose immense popularity will see it flying off store shelves and is surely going to be a new step forward for the Nestle Company. The product in question is a new type of cereal, which may seem dull and boring at first glance, but the appeal of the product lies more in its enhanced practicality. The product is a range of new cereal flavours consisting of wheat flakes, dried fruit and flavouring (chocolate, vanilla etc.). The wheat flakes will be in the shape of triangles, to achieve a brand image and for consumers to relate a simple/everyday object with our cereal, so that they are constantly reminded of it. The cereal is sold inside bottles/cans. When consumers buy the product, they will simply need to pour milk into the container and the result is an instant cereal fix, whether at home, at work, on the bus or anywhere else. The bottle/can also come with a resealable lid, which can be opened and closed at will to avoid spilling the cereal. Other cereal products force the consumer to sit and eat, despite the fact that they may be running late and other on the go products are liquefied sugar that merely provides a mild energy boost, whereas our product combines the best of both worlds. Not only does the consumer get a filling, wholesome and tasty breakfast, but they also receive these benefits without sacrificing time, an important resource in the morning. Strategy Profiles: Competition (Threat)/Brand Recognition Worldwide (Strength) – A day to day problem for firms is the constant competition from other businesses, whether minor or major. When attempting to launch a product and/or maintain its life on store shelves, there will always be demand for a competitor’s product. However, with smart advertising and a big name like Nestle, we can work to ensure that our product is what people are constantly talking about. Products are high in sugar and fat (Weakness)/Further research into nutrition (Opportunity) – Our product may not be the most fattening item on store shelves, but a high sugar content isn’t usually the best image for a product. But with research into health and nutrition, the product can  change. By constantly tinkering with and changing the recipe, we will be able to achieve a product that is not only nutritious, but retains that delicious flavour that the product is famous for. Customer fears to try the product (Weakness)/Affordable product price (Strength) – Consumers will always prefer to buy products that they are familiar with, instead of trying new items and because of this, it can be very difficult to introduce a new product into the market. While it can be difficult to persuade the consumer, making a price that is not only fair, but less than your competitors, can have an impact in how your product is perceived. Having a cheaper price may not be a substantial selling point, but it would succeed in gaining new customers and little bonuses like these can add up to be a major benefit. References Navi, G 2009, Nestle, Scribd, viewed 18th September 2013, http://www.scribd.com/doc/21544545/Introduction-Nestle-Was-Founded-in-1866-by-Henri-Nestle-And Nestle 2013, Nutrition, Health & Wellness – New Product Development at Nestlà ©, Business Case Studies, viewed 18 September 2013, http://businesscasestudies.co.uk/nestle/nutrition-health-wellness-new-product-development-at-nestle/introduction.html#axzz2f1LLXlr9 Nestle Group Limited 2011, The World’s leading Health, Wellness and Nutrition Company: Annual Report 2011, Nestle Group Limited, viewed 18 September 2013, Nestle 2013, About Us, Nestle, viewed 18 September 2013, Interbrand 2013, Nestle, viewed 18 September 2013, retrieved from Interbrand database Overview of the Nestlà © Oceania region 2013, Nestle, viewed 13 September 2013,

Kali Essays - Hindu Goddesses, Mother Goddesses, Mahavidyas

Kali Essays - Hindu Goddesses, Mother Goddesses, Mahavidyas Kali Misericordia University Kali Painting Kali has many aspects to look at as a whole. Some of these aspects are very grotesque and somewhat disturbing to look at such as the blood and skulls that are strewn throughout the painting. There is also a beautiful factor of the painting and that comes with the symbolism behind the different aspects of the goddess Kali. All which appear to perfectly balance each other within its symbolism. The technical aspects of the painting also appear to be more complicated than they do at first site. The Story A portion of what makes this painting grotesque is the back story of the goddess Kali. To aid her son in his endeavor to rid the three worlds of the multiplying demon, Raktabija, Parvati entered the cosmic battlefield as the dreaded goddess Kali - dark as death, gaunt with sunken eyes, gaping mouth, with long disheveled hair covering her naked body. Kali spread her tongue over the battlefield and licked the demon's falling blood, catching it on her long, outstretched tongue before any drop could find its way to the ground springing a demonic life again. Raktabija, without being able multiply his numbers by the blood was left powerless. Skanda was able to destroy Raktabija and all his remaining spawn with little difficulty. Skanda thanked his mother for her timely help. To celebrate her victory, Kali danced wildly on the battlefield, bedecking herself with a garland of served heads and a girdle of severed hands. Shiva Calms Kali Intoxicated with Raktabija's blood, Kali ran across the three worlds, destroying everything and everyone in her sight. To restrain her, Shiva took the form of a corpse and blocked her path. As the goddess, blinded by bloodlust, she tripped on his lifeless body and was jolted out of her frenzy. She wondered if she had killed her own husband. She placed a foot on Shiva's chest and brought him back to life. Shiva then took the form of a little child and began to cry, stirring maternal love in the heart of Kali. This forced her to shed her fierce form; Kali became Gauri, the radiant mother, bestower of life. The Grotesque The grotesque identifies a class of imagery that has never fit comfortably within the normal boundaries of society and is a questionable term from the start as it is different and has different levels based on ones perspective (Connelly, 2003). Kali appears to be a deformed human with a human like body but numerous arms that each holding some sort of grotesque object. In one arm she is holding a sword and in another is the head of a demon that she has slain. Blood covers most of Kalis face and chest as she stands on the chest of her husband Shiva, blood drips from many of the severed head and hands that adorn the body in the painting and it also shows the dripping of blood from Kalis mouth down her chest and eventually down her legs but never touching the ground. The remaining arms are outstretched to her worshippers and again have pools of blood in them. All these aspects are outside the normal boundaries that western society deems acceptable (Connelly, 2003). Kali is an abomination that fits into no normal or established reality. She had numerous accessories to her wardrobe that are decapitated and decomposing heads and limbs all which are grotesque in nature. Beauty in the Grotesque Thus far the painting portrays only the grotesque as we perceive it. There is however, a beautiful aspect of the paintings found behind the symbolism of the disturbing image. The painting shows the goddess Kali as being naked or void of clothing. Many would find the very aspect of nudism as being disturbing but the symbolism behind it is that she is void of clothing just like she is void of illusionary coverings The fifty heads that make up the garland seem once again very disturbing however the heads merely stand for the fifty letters of the Sanskrit alphabet which in turn symbolize infinite knowledge which isnt nearly as disturbing as it could be if it symbolized something to the extent of fifty heads of battle. It also, knowing some of the background of the goddess, could possibly

Definition and Examples of Cooperative Overlap

Definition and Examples of Cooperative Overlap In conversation analysis, the term cooperative overlap refers to a face-to-face interaction in which one speaker talks at the same time as another speaker to demonstrate an interest in the conversation. In contrast, an interruptive overlap is a competitive strategy in which one of the speakers attempts to dominate the conversation. The term cooperative overlap was introduced by sociolinguist Deborah Tannen in her book Conversational Style: Analyzing Talk Among Friends (1984). Examples and Observations [Patrick] had to wait another five minutes or so before his wife remembered he was there. The two women were  talking at the same time, asking and answering their own questions. They created a whirlwind of happy chaos.(Julie Garwood, The Secret. Penguin, 1992)Mama sat with Mama Pellegrini, the two of them talking so rapidly that their words and  sentences overlapped  completely. Anna wondered, as she listened from the parlor, how they could understand what each was saying. But they laughed at the same time and raised or lowered their voices at the same time.(Ed Ifkovic,  A Girl Holding Lilacs. Writers Club Press, 2002) Tannen on High Involvement Style One of the most striking aspects of high involvement style that I found and analyzed in detail was the use of what I called cooperative overlap: a listener talking along with a speaker not in order to interrupt but to show enthusiastic listenership and participation. The concept of overlap versus interruption became one of the cornerstones of my argument that the stereotype of New York Jews as pushy and aggressive is an unfortunate reflection of the effect of high involvement style in conversation with speakers who use a different style. (In my study I called the other style high considerateness).(Deborah Tannen, Gender and Discourse. Oxford University Press, 1994) Cooperation or Interruption? Cooperative overlap occurs when one interlocutor is showing her enthusiastic support and agreement with another. Cooperative overlap occurs when the speakers view silence between turns as impolite or as a sign of a lack of rapport. While an overlap may be construed as cooperative in a conversation between two friends, it may be construed as an interruption when between boss and employee. Overlaps and interrogative have different meanings depending on the speakers ethnicity, gender, and relative status differences. For example, when a teacher, a person of higher status, overlaps with her student, a person of lower status, typically the overlap is interpreted as an interruption.(Pamela Saunders, Gossip in an Older Womens Support Group: A Linguistic Analysis. Language and Communication in Old Age: Multidisciplinary Perspectives, ed. by Heidi E. Hamilton. Taylor Francis, 1999) Different Cultural Perceptions of Cooperative Overlap [T]he two-way nature of cross-cultural differences typically eludes participants in the throes of conversation. A speaker who stops talking because another has begun is unlikely to think, I guess we have different attitudes toward cooperative overlap. Instead, such a speaker will probably think, You are not interested in hearing what I have to say, or even You are a boor who only wants to hear yourself talk. And the cooperative overlapper is probably concluding, You are unfriendly and are making me do all the conversational work here... (Deborah Tannen, Language and Culture, in An Introduction to Language and Linguistics, ed. by R. W. Fasold and J. Connor-Linton. Cambridge University Press, 2000)

Energy Resources in the Gulf Cooperation Council Countries Essay

Energy Resources in the Gulf Cooperation Council Countries - Essay Example Saudi Arabia exists as the largest state among the GCC countries with the Shi’i population placed on the oil producing gulf coast of eastern province. The discovery of oil dates back to 1930s with its commercial production beginning shortly after the Second World War. Saudi Arabia became the largest producer of oil by 1993. Similarly, Kuwait became an oil producer ever since 1946 before gaining its independence from Britain in 1961. The country received independence before massive revenues from oil could be concentrated on the hands of the ruling family possessing overwhelming power. As well, cohesion and the historical organization of unique merchant families had significant contributions. Bahrain emerged as the first oil producing country among the six GCC countries with initial production occurring in 1932. The oil wealth possessed by Bahrain from the beginning gave it a head start to develop social and educational institutions. As a result, this contributed significantly t o its status as the best socially liberal over its neighbors in the GCC countries. However, Bahrain’s current oil reserves remain almost exhausted. By contrast, tourism and finance service industries play the main role in Bahrain’s present day economy (Gause 5-8). Abu Dhabi, Fujayra, Dubai, Ajman, Ra’s al-Khayma, ’Um al-Qaywayn and Sharjah constitute the seven emirates making up the federation of the UAE. Large production of oil began in the 1960s within the UAE mainly in Dubai, Abu Dhabi and Shaarjah. UAE’s per capita national income remains among the highest worldwide. Most notable would be Dubai which continues to develop into a regional communications, services and business center.

VAP research design Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

VAP design - Research Paper Example The control group did not receive VAP bundle, which is an education intervention program on VAP definition, etiology and VAP preventative strategies, while the experimental group received the VAP bundle education program. Despite this, the two will be very useful in carrying the research due to the complementing strengths. Effective integration of various research designs is necessary to ensure that best results are realized. According to Polit &Beck (2009), RCT considers the strongest design for controlling both internal and external threat. Therefore, since RCT produces the strongest evidence for cause and effect, it will be assigned to either control or experimental groups. In this case, it will effectively examine the effect of staff training program on compliance to the VAP bundle. In carrying out the research, data on compliance with the VAP bundle will be collected in every quartile, using a checklist or an audit form. In addition, data on VAP incidence will be collected repeatedly at given time intervals: every quartile and once in every three months. The data collected will be very useful in data analysis and evaluation, so that the conclusion can be