Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown - Goody Cloyse and Catechetical Ministry :: Young Goodman Brown YGB

Young Goodman Br possess, Goody Cloyse and Catechetical Ministry This essay intends to compare the motives disparaging slur of Goody Cloyse, Puritan catechism teacher, Deacon Gookin and the pastor all of whom are catechists - in Young Goodman Brown, with In Support of Catechetical Ministry - A Statement of the U.S. Catholic Bishops from June of 2000. The influence of Puritan religion, culture and education is a common topic in Nathaniel Hawthornes works. Growing up, Hawthorne could not escape the influence of Puritan society, not only from residing with his fathers devout Puritan family as a sister but also due to his study of his own family history. The first of his ancestors, William Hathorne, is described in Hawthornes The Custom House as arriving with the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1630 with his Bible and his sword (26). A further connection can also be seen in his more notable ancestor tush Hathorne, who exemplified the level of zealousness in Puritanism with his role a s persecutor in the Salem Witch Trials. The study of his own family from the establishment of the Bay Colony to the Second Great Awakening of his own time parallels the issues brought forth in Young Goodman Brown. In looking into the history of early Puritan society, Hawthorne is able to discuss the merits and consequences of such zeal, especially the Puritan Catechism of John Cotton, and the repercussions of The Salem Witch trials. Hawthorne sets Young Goodman Brown into a context of Puritan rigidity and self-doubt to allow his contemporary readers to see the consequences of such a musical arrangement of belief. Hawthornes tale places the newly wed Puritan Brown in a situation, where he has agreed with an evil character to participate in a coven, a witchs ceremony, a devil-worship liturgy. The experience he has at this liturgy easily translates into the dream allegory of Hawthornes work and allows the author to use Puritan doctrine and the history of Salem to argue the merits an d consequences of the belief in mans total moral depravity. As Benjamin Franklin V states in Goodman Brown and the Puritan Catechism, Hawthorne used John Cottons Milk for Babes as the education source of Goodman Brown. It was the Puritan belief that man must be instructed to exculpate his own depravity, and therefore at childhood the education began. The child was taught that he wasconceived in sin, and born in iniquity (70).

The Collector :: essays research papers

Macbeth EssayFalse face must hide what the false warmth doth know. (I, vii, 82) The recite above signifies him being pushed and pushed into things that were intended for him to accomplish, although these actions creates a world of death and revenge. Macbeth was a victim of his suffer ambition. In Macbeth tragedy strikes upon Macbeth and bring ons him to lose his own invigoration in order to live another. Macbeth is not a sympathetic character in that man can control his own destiny and that being pushed into rough decision can cost either their life or someone elses.In the play Macbeth one does not feel sympathetic for Macbeth. He controls his own destiny and lives a life of one man, himself. Rather accepting what he has, Macbeth gets greedy and wants it all. One can not feel sympathetic if the best management to get something is to kill that person or to kill the family of that person. He does change though at the end of the play. One can feel sympathetic for him at the end, when knowing that all hope has come to an end, he fights for something else than himself. He fights till the death yet loses at the end. Also one can feel for him because of many an(prenominal) nagging things going on in his head, including his wife and the three witches. Knowing the thought that he can become king, Lady Macbeth influences Macbeth to many things that soon cause a great deal of pain and suffering. If you can look into the seeds of time and say which grain will grow and which will not, speak then to me. (I, iii, 59-60) The quote is from Banquo who states if the witches can look into the future then tell him of what happens in the next coming. Macbeth has some control over his own destiny. He soon learns that from the witches foretelling him of his future. He learns that not only will he become Thane of Cawdor but also King. His destiny is soon thrown into the hands of Lady Macbeth, who in many lots eyes believes she is the controller of Macbeth. Macbeths own actio ns show that he can control his own destiny. He could have never killed King Duncan, but pressure from his wife and the future telling him that he will be King seduces Macbeth into wanting more than what he has.

Essay --

OverviewUpon entering the field of medicine, physicians agree to practice according to the Hippocratic chap which states, first, do no harm. Although it seems like this assess would be straight forward, it is not always clear on how to carry out this oath. One example of where conflicting viewpoints are often argued is how to resolve shaver debase cases such as Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy (MSbP). MSbP is a relatively new form of child abuse in which a parent advisedly fabricates illnesses in their child to receive medical attention. Over the past 30 years, the recognition and prevalence of MSbP has increased, however, it is still knotty to identify and is highly under diagnosed (Maldonado, 2002). It has stir much controversy and even the name itself is a topic of debate because MSbP is hard to define. Other terms to calculate the condition include factitious perturbation by proxy, pediatric condition falsification, and medical child abuse (Lowen & Reece, 2008). In treatin g a child that may be a victim of MSbP, using clandestine video surveillance (CVS) is controversial because blurred lines exist between using for it for diagnostic reasons versus legal reasons. When conducting CVS, typically dickens hidden cameras, placed in objects such as a wall clock or a ceiling light, monitor a parents operation without their knowledge (Shabde & Craft, 1999). A phallus of the care team, such as a nurse, and a police officer observe the video footage from a outside(a) site to look for suspicious activity and intervene if the parent begins to harm the child. Some activity that is typically seen on footage include a parent poisoning their child with cleaning solution or salt, removing medical devices such as tubes, and smothering the child. Clinical Per... ...rs of the care team is communicating effectively with each other. individualized PerspectiveAfter researching the various viewpoints regarding CVS, I still maintain that it is ethical when used in goo d faith in order to protect the child. galore(postnominal) case studies have shown that not plainly is the child more likely to be put in a safer environment when child protective go has the evidence to intervene but it similarly saves siblings from potential harm. I believe that the physicians role is to act in the best interest of the patient, particularly when outside factors pose a brat to the childs well-being. Although many view CVS as unethical because it infringes on privacy rights, it can also erect a great benefit. Studies such as the one conducted by David Southall make it difficult to dispute that there is not a value from using CVS as a form of diagnosis and intervention. Essay -- OverviewUpon entering the field of medicine, physicians agree to practice according to the Hippocratic Oath which states, first, do no harm. Although it seems like this task would be straight forward, it is not always clear on how to carry out this oath. One example of w here conflicting viewpoints are often argued is how to resolve child abuse cases such as Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy (MSbP). MSbP is a relatively new form of child abuse in which a parent deliberately fabricates illnesses in their child to receive medical attention. Over the past 30 years, the recognition and prevalence of MSbP has increased, however, it is still difficult to identify and is highly under diagnosed (Maldonado, 2002). It has stirred much controversy and even the name itself is a topic of debate because MSbP is hard to define. Other terms to describe the condition include factitious disorder by proxy, pediatric condition falsification, and medical child abuse (Lowen & Reece, 2008). In treating a child that may be a victim of MSbP, using covert video surveillance (CVS) is controversial because blurred lines exist between using for it for diagnostic reasons versus legal reasons. When conducting CVS, typically two hidden cameras, placed in objects such as a wall clock or a ceiling light, monitor a parents activity without their knowledge (Shabde & Craft, 1999). A member of the care team, such as a nurse, and a police officer observe the video footage from a remote site to look for suspicious activity and intervene if the parent begins to harm the child. Some activity that is typically seen on footage include a parent poisoning their child with cleaning solution or salt, removing medical devices such as tubes, and smothering the child. Clinical Per... ...rs of the care team is communicating effectively with each other. Personal PerspectiveAfter researching the various viewpoints regarding CVS, I still maintain that it is ethical when used in good faith in order to protect the child. Many case studies have shown that not only is the child more likely to be put in a safer environment when child protective services has the evidence to intervene but it also saves siblings from potential harm. I believe that the physicians role is to act in the best int erest of the patient, especially when outside factors pose a threat to the childs well-being. Although many view CVS as unethical because it infringes on privacy rights, it can also provide a great benefit. Studies such as the one conducted by David Southall make it difficult to dispute that there is not a value from using CVS as a form of diagnosis and intervention.

Critique and Revolution: The Faces of Karl Marx :: Essays Papers

Critique and Revolution The Faces of Karl Marx The nobility of man shines upon us from their work hardened bodies. (Manuscripts, 100)1. And according to Karl Marx, that is the penetrate line. In Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844 and Manifesto of the Communist Party2, two of his most profound works, Marx outlines both his harsh critique of capitalist economy and his prophetic theory of impending communist revolution. Although these texts are extremely complexManuscripts is described often as the hardest sixty pages of modern philosophytheir main points can be summed up concisely. For Marx, a players cranch, and therefore crop, is an extension of himself, and any practice that separates the two, most obviously capitalisms private property, essentially tears the man apart. A system such as this is beyond repair, and the only feasible solution is a forceful and complete communist revolution ending in the goal of private property and the reunion of mankind wi th his apprehend. The complex philosophizing behind these two doctrines will be revealed shortly, but now the question arises, are they reconciled? More specifically, do the circumstances that exist under capitalism, as described in his critique, put the world in a realistic position to allow his desired revolution? Taking his opinions of the world under capitalism as fact, the answer is yes the desperation of alienation will drive the growing majority of workforce to unite and revolt. That said, a thorough examination of both his critique of capitalism and his planned communist revolution are necessary. Marx begins his discussion of life under capitalism by defining the term estranged labor. In essence, estranged labor is a separation between a player and his product. This can come as a result of a division of labor, the institution of machines in factories, or the rise in importance of money, among other things, but the result is the same the worker loses control of his product. Estranged labor does not seem inherently flawed until the observation is made that the more a worker produces and the more valuable his product becomes, the poorer he becomes. For Marx, this leads to the worker himself becoming a commodity that, like his product, he does not own. Instead of a worker owning his labor with his labor having inherent value, the labor is jailed inside the products, and outside of the worker.Critique and Revolution The Faces of Karl Marx Essays PapersCritique and Revolution The Faces of Karl Marx The nobility of man shines upon us from their work hardened bodies. (Manuscripts, 100)1. And according to Karl Marx, that is the infiltrate line. In Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844 and Manifesto of the Communist Party2, two of his most profound works, Marx outlines both his harsh critique of capitalism and his prophetic theory of impending communist revolution. Although these texts are extremely complexManuscripts is de scribed often as the hardest sixty pages of modern philosophytheir main points can be summed up concisely. For Marx, a workers labor, and therefore product, is an extension of himself, and any practice that separates the two, most obviously capitalisms private property, essentially tears the man apart. A system such as this is beyond repair, and the only feasible solution is a forceful and complete communist revolution ending in the terminal of private property and the reunion of mankind with his labor. The complex philosophizing behind these two doctrines will be revealed shortly, but now the question arises, are they consistent? More specifically, do the circumstances that exist under capitalism, as described in his critique, put the world in a realistic position to bear with his desired revolution? Taking his opinions of the world under capitalism as fact, the answer is yes the desperation of alienation will drive the growing majority of manpower to unite and revolt. That said , a thorough examination of both his critique of capitalism and his planned communist revolution are necessary. Marx begins his discussion of life under capitalism by defining the term estranged labor. In essence, estranged labor is a separation between a worker and his product. This can come as a result of a division of labor, the institution of machines in factories, or the rise in importance of money, among other things, but the result is the same the worker loses control of his product. Estranged labor does not seem inherently flawed until the observation is made that the more a worker produces and the more valuable his product becomes, the poorer he becomes. For Marx, this leads to the worker himself becoming a commodity that, like his product, he does not own. Instead of a worker owning his labor with his labor having inherent value, the labor is jailed inside the products, and outside of the worker.

Free Essays on Homers Odyssey: Penelopes Enduring Faithfulness :: Odyssey essays

Penelopes Enduring Faithfulness in Homers Odyssey   Penelope, the wife of Odysseus, can be contrasted in various ways to the other characters in Homers rime The Odyssey. In many ways, Penelope embodies the ideal woman, in that she conforms to the values and ideals of her society. These ideals include faithfulness, loyalty, willpower, long-suffering, pride in ones home and family, and hospitality to strangers.   The majority of the other characters in the song lack one or more of these attributes. Although Odysseus proves to be a character of strong will and determination throughout the Trojan War and the trials he endured at sea, he demonstrates weakness and wavering resolve when he is faced with sexual temptation. For example, when enticed by Circe to mingle and make love, Odysseus submits to her appeals and enters her flawless bed of love, thus committing adultery against his wife Penelope (Book X). When Circe tells Odysseus to remain with her, he could not help c onsenting. Odysseus remains with Circe and continues to be unfaithful to Penelope for the duration of a year. It is only after hearing the appeals of his custody that Odysseus decides to head back out to sea. Later, Odysseus has another adulterous relationship with the nymph Kalypso. This relationship endures for seven years. Throughout his stay on Kalypsos island, Odysseus weeps for Penelope, yet he continues to inhabit with Kalypso every night (Book V). In contrast, Penelope exemplifies tremendous will power and capableness in that she remains faithful to Odysseus throughout his exile. While awaiting her husbands return, Penelope endures unending insolence and sexual advances from the suitors who invade her household. Penelope rebuffs the advances of the suitors and remains a devoted and faithful wife. Deferring the suitors is no easy task therefore Penelope is very resourceful and goes to great lengths to postpone marriage to one of them. She puts the men off for three years by promising to marry one of them upon her completion of a burying shroud for her father-in-law, Laertes. In order to delay the completion of the shroud, she unravels her work every night (Book II, p. 223). Penelope also privately sends promises to each of the suitors in order to portion out them so that they will not unanimously demand a decision from her as to which one she

industrial revolution :: essays research papers

The impact that The Industrial Revolution had on Europe and England was big, it practically changed the economy for years. There were many individuals that had a big impact and there are many acts, rights, and processes devised to produced the most making for the higher classes. Most of the individuals that are involved had invented something that would change a certain company. This complete industrial revolution started small. In fact, it started out with tiny little village entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurs were tiny companys that would make hand made stuff and divvy up this profit that is produced. This soon led to more than money, which led to more employees, which also led to more entrepreneurs, and it spread ideas. This got people really thinking. One man named Robert Owen a young utopian socialist of Britain who became the manager of his own cotton mill at the age of nineteen. He then developed community farming and had the town of New Lanmark, Scotland living and working for him. He provided proper housing, basic education, and an inexpensive company store for the workers. In fact, he made a very in effect(p) deal with his employees, that utilityed them and he still made a good profit from it. He forbid young children to work in his mills, and he decreased hours and increase wages. One of this mans supporters is Charles Fourier He favored ideal communities and that all work should be shared and that the higher class would benefit of the joint labor according to the needs of the lower class. This man boosted the economy tremendously, because he spread his idea of community farming and farmers and entrepreneurs were beginning to use it more often and they were making good profit. However, some entrepreneurship leaders got to greedy and wanted more money so they made deals that basically only benefited them and they built self-centred industries. These deals included lowering the age of working ability, which led to less education, which led to lower w ages. The working conditions were horrible and if you lost an arm or any soma of limb they were fired and another child was hired in replace of them. Men like Karl Marx and Friedrich Engles joined together in 1848 to produce the Communist Manifesto. This was a pamphlet that was intended for the workers.

industrial revolution :: essays research papers

The impact that The Industrial Revolution had on Europe and England was big, it practically changed the economy for years. There were umteen individuals that had a big impact and there are slicey acts, rights, and processes devised to produced the most making for the higher ho routineholdes. Most of the individuals that are involved had invented something that would change a accepted comp both. This whole industrial revolution started small. In fact, it started out with tiny little village entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurs were tiny companys that would make hand made close up and sell this profit that is produced. This soon led to more money, which led to more employees, which also led to more entrepreneurs, and it spread ideas. This got people really thinking. One man named Robert Owen a young utopian socialist of Britain who became the manager of his own cotton mill at the age of nineteen. He then developed community farming and had the town of New Lanmark, Scotland living and wo rking for him. He provided proper housing, basic education, and an inexpensive company store for the workers. In fact, he made a real good deal with his employees, that benefited them and he still made a good profit from it. He forbid young children to work in his mills, and he decreased hours and increased wages. One of this mans supporters is Charles Fourier He favored ideal communities and that all work should be shared and that the higher class would benefit of the joint labor according to the needs of the lower class. This man boosted the economy tremendously, because he spread his idea of community farming and farmers and entrepreneurs were beginning to use it more often and they were making good profit. However, some entrepreneurship leaders got to greedy and wanted more money so they made deals that basically only benefited them and they build self-centered industries. These deals included lowering the age of working ability, which led to less education, which led to lowe r wages. The working conditions were horrible and if you lost an arm or any sort of limb they were fired and another child was hired in replace of them. Men like Karl Marx and Friedrich Engles joined together in 1848 to produce the communistic Manifesto. This was a pamphlet that was intended for the workers.

Effective Team and Performance Management Essay

Effective aggroup and Performance ManagementIntroduction This is a incubate on the case study on aggroup manageance counselling of voltaic Company. The account statement impart borrow on theory and practice of twain leadership and squad management in order to explain the need for brass sections to employ the use of employee teams which is a strategy designed to improve the motion of the employees. The report will begin with an introduction of the organisation in the case study and then proceed to the aims and objectives of the report. This will be followed by a discussion of the theories that film been utilise to describe team murder as hale as the electrical switch of leaders by the teams. In this section, an empirical review on these theories will also be carried let on. Finally, the conclusions and recommendations will be presented. Electron, is a small manufacturing political party that deals with the manufacture of telecommunications components. The comp any was established in 1997 and its headquarters is in the no(prenominal)th of England. It should be noned that 90 out of 150 employees working at the headquarters work in the manufacturing department. The company operates using the traditional organisation structure dissever into respective(a) departments such as manufacturing, finance, human resource, sales and marketing and engineering departments. The management of the company decided to group the employees in the manufacturing department into 8 teams to each one consisting of 10 employees in order to increase their efficiency in call of the part and the quantity of work done. The management of the company wanted to establish whether the teams would perform better as comp bed to when employees were working individually. This report indeed aims to evaluate the performance of the selected teams borrowing heavily on theory and empirical evidence to visualize the nicety of dividing employees into teams. the report will also rely heavily on the relevant work of former(a) exploreers and academicians. The report will also make conclusions on the performance of teams as tumefy as make recommendations on what the best practices be on employee team performance (Mueller, Procter & Buchanan, 2000). Team PerformanceIn todays organisations, employees atomic number 18 more and more being allocated to work groups as part of the strategy to increase their efficiency and output. This is also being done in order to realise that employees work in concert in a more rough-and-ready elbow room and argon able to exploit their dominance to grow and develop in an optimal way. These work groups are commonly designed such that the employees are working together on some frequent activities in manner that is co-ordinated and in most occasions, these activities cannot be carried out successfully by means of individual effort alone. In such a case where employees are working together in group for a common goal, thi s is normally referred to as team work and the groups are normally referred to as teams. It should be noted that in an organisation setting, managers or supervisors can form employee teams on a temporary or permanent basis and the compositions of these teams varies with the purpose for which the team is created in the prototypic place. This federal agency that there are teams that will constitute of employees from the aforesaid(prenominal) department while there are teams which will be made up of employees from across the mingled departments of the organisation. There are various attributes that will determine whether a team is successful in its activities however, of a lot of importance is the support from senior management, training and development as well as the cultism and dedication of team members in the execution of their duties (Parker, 1990). Teams and leadingTeams are today required to take care of a lot of the duties that were previously assigned to supervisors an d therefore various scholars and academicians have made suggestions that teams have come to be substitutes of leadership in organisations of the 21st century. They also argue that as a result of this change, supervisors on the other hand have also evolved from being foremen to mere facilitators of the activities of the team members (Huusko, 2006). In practice therefore, in a situation where the organisation employees are divided into teams, the deed of supervisors greatly reduce since the hierarchical structure of the organisation is lowered and the organisation adopts a more flat organisation structure. This therefore performer that the role of leadership in the organisation is faced with a sweet challenging situation where they no longer have a clearly laid lot way of operating as their duties have been taken over by the new teams. There are various theories that have attempted to explain the idea of the substitution of leadership and an example of such is the idea that deal s with the idea of moderators that are known to make for the actions of leaders and leaders substitutes in different ways. The idea suggests that most of the true arrangements evident in organisations today such as teams, management from a distance and others have various effects on the roles of leaders in the organisation and can either support t stitch or substitute them and even reduce the impact that leaders have on the employees of the organisation. This can occur in a case where the management and the employees are separated by a long distance and may therefore not understand the instructions given to them by their supervisors if proper communication channels have not been established. Researchers on leadership substitutes have also brought a legal angle into the discussion where they argue that employees may receive the needed guidance or instructions from their supervisors but take it for granted that the information comes from the supervisors as they are the primary sup pliers of such information in the organisational structure (Howell et al., 1990). In the case of Electric Company, it is evident that the older team members were given the responsibility of ensuring that the new team members unders withald the norms of the team and that they obeyed the rules of the team as well as ensure that they were fully and successfully integrated into the value based social order. This therefore means that the role of supervisors and other leadership persons in the organisation was taken over by the older members of the teams indicating that there was a substitution of leadership roles by the teams. This has been clearly supported by both the theories to a higher place and the empirical evidence. Another theory that explains the substitution of leadership by team members is the theory of functional leadership. Researchers have used this leadership perspective to argue that effective team leaders are normally able to follow the activities of their team mem bers and also normally take over any leadership roles in the team at any clock time when there is need for such an action (Zaccaro, Rittman, & Marks, 2001). This means that a team leaders primary responsibility in the organisation is to plan the activities of the team and to continuously follow the activities of the team members as well as to determine the functions that are not being carried out in the right way and those that are missing in order to either perform the duties themselves or ensure that team members are made aware of them and order to carry them out. The functional leadership theory is based on the premise that certain team circumstances normally drive the actions of the team members as well as the team leaders and they therefore call for some leadership activities to be adopted by the team leaders. This means that once the team leaders adopt these jobs then the leaders are left with no duties and therefore become useless in the organisational structure (Zaccaro, 2 002). In most organisations therefore, this theory suggests that leadership behaviours become irrelevant and ineffective in guiding the actions of the teams and therefore the success of teams does not require the involvement of leaders but the guidance of the team leaders and the dedication of the team members. The argument by this theory is therefore in line with the contingency theories of leadership which suggest that leadership forte is normally influenced by the context of leadership, the situation facing the leader at a particular time as well as the organisational conditions at specific times (House, 1971). This means that the characteristics and behaviours of the team members and the team leaders are able to take the place of leadership processes thereby substituting the role of leadership in the organisation. This moves the focus of leadership functions from the person or individual leader to the functions of leadership and extends the idea that leadership functions can be found from other sources other than the organisational leaders themselves. This is the situation that was experience by the employees at Electron Company when new members were introduced into the teams. the old team members who were already aware of the values and norms of their teams naturally assumed leadership roles and guided the new members to understand and identify with these team values as they best as they could as this is what drove the dedication of team members in general as well as the performance of the team as compared to the other teams. The result was that the older team members were exerting control over the actions of the new team members and therefore the new team members saw the need to follow the laid down values of the team. This led to a situation where the new team members also started controlling themselves in terms of their actions and behaviour towards work and other team members (Kerr & Jermier, 1978). This therefore made it possible for the values and norms of the teams to be translated into simple rules and regulations that all new employees could understand easily and therefore fit into their assigned teams with ease. The assumption of the responsibility of guiding the new team members by the old team members therefore substituted the need for leadership in the management of the company. The new way of carrying out duties amongst the team members resulted in a situation where the common values and norms of the team members were gradually turned into properly laid down rules and regulation and it was the responsibility of each team member to follow them in order to effectively contribute to the success of the organisation at large. This therefore means that team members were no longer acting on the instructions of the team leaders but their actions were being guided by the rules and regulations that they had set up themselves. Team members found it easy to follow these rules and regulations as they had played a part in th eir fashioning and therefore felt more comfortable following hem unlike in a case where these rules had been established by the management of the company without their involvement in any way. Team members found it hard not to follow the rules because of the peer pressure that they experienced from other team members and due to the fact that the rules were such that failure to follow them would lead to punitive actions against the team member. Employee effectiveness was therefore ensured through peer pressure and the fact that older members were very keen to avoid a situation where they could be seen as being too harsh to the new employees. They therefore ensured that they carried out their duties according to the laid down procedures and therefore the new team members were left with no option but to alter to the situation and follow the actions of the older ones. This situation effectively removed the need for leadership individuals in the structure as the team members were able t o control them and ensure that all employees worked for the greater good of the company (Kerr & Jermier, 1978). Determinants of team performanceResearchers have argued that although most employee groups can be referred to as teams, it should be noted that there are some(prenominal) major differences that distinguish groups and teams and these are very important for anyone to understand in order not to make the mistake of confusing the two. In most cases, groups are normally made up of spate who meet through the fact that they share a common interest such as past time activity or sport while a team on the other hand can still be made up of people who share a common interest but the major reason for their being in the same team is the fact that they have complimentary abilities or qualities. This means that for a team to come after in what they do, they have to work together and combine their efforts and skills otherwise they will just be working as individuals. The main advantag e of teams is that they have the energy and the power needed to complete particular businesss and activities which would have been impossible if there was no team in the first place and an individual was carrying out the task by their own. It has been argued that although each member of the team has some unique abilities or skills, they cannot be able to use them and succeed in the execution of the task if they are working alone and therefore they must be in the team for their efforts to count in the execution of the task or activity (Guzzo & Dickson, 1996). Researchers have also argued that one of the important factors that determine the way people conduct themselves when they are in a team is self-awareness. In todays business setting, most organisations, through the use of human resource development professionals as well as consultants, have developed various tests that are designed to help employees more self-aware thereby improving their understanding of themselves and what motivates them to act in particular ways. Researchers have however noted that the results of the assessments normally rely on the individual employees self-reporting and therefore the outcome of the tests may not be objective in nature and in most cases they are always positive as it is human nature not to say anything negative about oneself. The reason for this is that human beings are known to agree with their face-to-face thoughts. Researchers therefore suggests that employees may fake their personal abilities and they may also be unrealistic in the way they view themselves and therefore the opinion of others about our abilities or attributes may be disregarded when assuming team roles. This means that the performance of the team may be adversely affected if only an individuals opinion is considered when assigning team roles (Belbin, 1981). Various researchers such as Salas, Cooke, & Rosen, (2008) and Cohen & Bailey (1997) have empirically examined the issue of team performan ce. Traditionally, the effectiveness of a team has been thrifty by researchers and academicians either through the use of unidimensional models of effectiveness such as real productivity of the team and the objective measurement of team performance or through the use of multidimensional models which normally adopt a wider spectrum of measures other than productivity. These other measures could be the attitude of the members of the team, their behaviour and their levels of job gratification (Pina, Martinez, & Martinez, 2008). Empirical research has also revealed that there are three most common measurements that are used to measure team effectiveness and these are performance effectiveness measured in terms of the quality and quantity of the team output, the attitude of the team members measured in terms of level of trust and level of job satisfaction and at long last the behavioural outcomes of team members measure in terms of employee turnover and the level of absenteeism among t he team members. Researchers however point out that the three measures are used in varying degrees in each team and the degree of usage in a specific team will be influenced by the instance of activities that the team engages in (Pina et al., 2008). ConclusionsThe evaluation of the theories and empirical literature carried out above regarding substitution of leadership functions by the use of teams in organisations shows that it is clear that the future of organisations is towards the asylum of employee teams in the quest for much more concentrated efforts in delivering efficient services and in ensuring that employees are able to maximise their growth and development potential within the organisations. It is clear that using teams in organisations leads to a situation where team members tend to come up with their own norms and values that guide their actions and behaviours and these values and norms finally end up being translated into laws and regulations that all employees in the team can clearly understand and are expected to follow without being reminded by the leaders in the organisation (Mullen, et al., 1994). The emergence of these rules laid down by the team members themselves lead to a situation where all members of the team know their exact duties and roles in the team and therefore carry out their duties without the need for supervision. This situation has effectively reduced the need for leaders in the organisation as their roles have been behind eroded by the activities of these teams. This is exactly what happened in the case of Electric Company where the rules that were established by team members took the place of supervisors in guiding the actions of employees. These teams also influence the performance of individual employees and it has been established that individuals in teams tend to perform much better than if they were working individually. RecommendationsFollowing the discussion above and the conclusions that have been made rega rding the role of teams in the organisations and how their performance can be measured and improved, there are various recommendations to the management of companies that will lead to the better performance of teams and the organisations in general. The management of Electric Company should develop a human resource development program aimed at training the team leaders on the formal decision making process and other managerial roles in order to ensure that they are more effective in guiding their team members to better performance. The management of the company should also ensure that selection and assignment of employees to different teams should take into account the individual skills and abilities of the employees in order to ensure that they contribute to the well-being of the organisation through improved performance. Finally, employees themselves should ensure that they follow the laid down team rules and regulations and therefore ensure that they carry out their team roles wi thout being reminded as their individual actions are what will lead to the success of the entire team. It is therefore important for organisations to consider developing various teams among their employees as this will lead to better performance and may also lead to lower costs incurred to maintain supervisors and other leaders in the organisation.ReferencesBelbin R. M. (1981) Management Teams Why they succeed or fail. London, Butterworth-Heinemann.Guzzo, R. A., & Dickson, M. W. (1996). Teams in organizations Recent research on performance and effectiveness. Annual Review of Psychology, 47, 307338.House, R. J. (1971). A path-goal theory of leader effectiveness. Administrative Science Quarterly, 15, 321338.Howell, J.P., Bowen, D.E., Dorfman, P.W., Kerr, S. & Podsakoff, P.M. (1990), Substitutes for leadership effective alternatives to ineffective leadership, Organizational Dynamics, Vol. 19 No. 1, pp. 20-38.Huusko, L. (2006), The lack of skills an obstacle in teamwork, Team Performanc e Management An International Journal, Vol. 12 Nos 1/2, pp. 5-16.Kerr, S., & Jermier, J. M. (1978). Substitutes for leadership Their meaning and measurement, Organizational Behaviour and Human Performance, vol. 22 no.3, pp. 375403.Mueller, F., Procter, S. & Buchanan, D. (2000), Teamworking in its context(s) antecedents, nature and dimensions, Human Relations, Vol. 53 No. 11, pp. 1387-424.Parker, G. M. (1990). Team Players and Teamwork The New Competitive Business Strategy. Oxford Jossey-BassZaccaro, S. J. (2002). Organizational leadership and social intelligence. In R. E. Riggio, S. E. Murphy, & F. J. Pirozzolo (Eds.), Multiple intelligences and leadership (pp. 2954). Mahwah, NJ Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.Zaccaro, S. J., Rittman, A. L., & Marks, M. A. (2001). Team leadership. Leadership Quarterly, 12, 451483.Cohen, S. G., & Bailey, D. E. (1997). What makes teams work Group effectiveness research from the shop floor to the executive suite. Journal of Management, 23(3), 239290.S alas, E., Cooke, N. J., & Rosen, M. A. (2008). On teams, teamwork, and team performance Discoveries and development. Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 50(3), 540547.Pina, M. I. D., Martinez, A. M. R., & Martinez, L. G. (2008). Teams in organizations A review on team effectiveness. Team Performance Management, 14(1/2), 721.Mullen, B., Anthony, T., Salas, E., & Driskell, J. E. (1994). Group cohesiveness and quality of decision making An integration of tests of the groupthink hypothesis. Small Group Research, 25(2), 189204.Source document

Teen Drinking

Teen crapulence is a serious problem and each year the statistics go higher and higher and more and more teens are drinking. This is a safety issue for teens are not old enough to agnize how to control their drinking. In an article I read c all tolded, let my teen seasonr drink, written by T. R. Reid, suggests that its okay to let our teens drink. On the distant side, Author Joseph A. Califano writes in his article that it is not okay to allow teens to drink. Reid does make some good points in his article.He believes that it is safer for our teens to be allowed to drink. He brought up debauch drinking and how bad it is for teens. He says, the only reason for this binge drinking is because teens are not allowed to drink so they do it secretly, most often in unsafe places like a car, or a house where adult supervision is not present(REID). Reid claims that if we let our teens legally drink then teens can be safer and be able to drink throughout the evening instead of getting drunk in the short amount of time they have before a social event.He believes teenagers are going to drink no matter what law is put in place, and that we should all just allow teens to legally drink. Author and electric current president of the National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University, Joseph A. Califano suggests the first article is a dangerous opinion to go by. He lists straight facts on this specific issue like, in 2001 the Justice Department released an analysis comparing drinking rates in Europe and the coupled States.The conclusion American tenth graders are less likely to use and abuse alcohol that the people of the same age in almost all European countries(CALIFANO). Califano also said how Reid was wrong about the binge drinking, since British fifteen year olds are more than twice as likely to binge drink as those of American teens. He also lists the dangers of teen drinking. Califano says it can seriously damage the growth process of the brain, a nd how teen drinking can idle words to poor school performance.My opinion on this issue is teens should not be allowed to drink yet. I believe the drinking age should stay at twenty dollar bill one. That is when a person is mature and developed enough to drink alcohol. There is a good reason why there are age limits on things. Rules and laws are made for good reasons, to keep us safe. I would not want to live in a country where there were no age limits on drinking, for I believe we Americans would get dumber than we already are.

Change Management and Communication Plan Essay

IntroductionIt has been decided that Riordan Manufacturing provide implement an official customer attention system. This system pull up stakes be used by everyone in the institution. The main goal of the team is to help with the planning and executing of the new system in cab art for a smooth transition.Current Formal and Informal StructureRiordan Manufacturing has a current formal major power structure of clearly lay break chain of command that is broken down into specialize departments such as V.P. Operations, Dir. Plant Ops., Pontiac, Dir. Plant Ops. Alb both and V.P. International. Riordans organizational charts show how the structure of the organization is broken down by department and who reports to whom. The current informal structure is Employee files. These file atomic number 18 kept by individual managers because thither is no concentrate location to file them.Managers at Riordan are also responsible for tracking FMLA absences and any requests for accommodation u nder the ADA whereas usu anyy this is ran out of the human election departments. To facilitate coordination, each managerial position is given a place in the chain of command, and each manager is given a degree of chest of drawers in order to meet his or her responsibilities (Robbins & Judge, , 2011).For example, under the executive chart the President/CEO has an assistant and two some others that report to him Senior VP-R&D, Kenneth Collins and the main(prenominal) Operating Officer, Huge McCauley. The Senior VP directs the R&D departments Materials Engineers, Packaging Engineers, Development Engineers, Administrative Assistants, and Research Program Managers. Huge McCauley directs departments heads such as V.P. Transportation, V.P. gross sales & Marketing, foreland Financial Officer, Dir. of Acct. & Finance and Dir. of HR.These departments then report their developments within their own department to the Senior VP-R&D or to Chief Operating Officer who then gives a report bac k to the CEO. This is the formal structure of Riordans Chain of Command which each employee must follow to ensure an effective organization. The current formal power structure bequeath help Riordan with accomplishing their planned changes. Any new cultivation about the change plan would flow down to the employees by their operating manager. eliminate Organizational Structure for ChangeThe power or semipolitical structure of Riordan can affect employee behavior in positive or negative counsels. rehabilitative power within coursees involves encouraging efficiency. This incorporates giving staff the authority to make decisions as well as rewarding employees for outstanding performance by appointing them to supervision roles. When department heads do not have high esteem of the employees under them, this is considered negative power. This style of leadership stimulates employees to perform by intimidating them with losing their jobs and other repercussions. Employees who are train ed to pilot the government of an organization tend to be dynamic than the ones who are kept out of the loop. To promote efficiency, organizations must cultivate a political structure that is easy for employees to understand.Instituting clear chains of command and policies can makes it simpler for staff to find needed answers and consequently spend more than beat on note work. Businesses that develop environments of unconstructiveness and inconsistency suffer as a result. If employees are allowed to take part in unethical or dishonest conduct to outfox leading and preferential treatment trumps the value of hard work, an organization may face decreases in efficiency which result result in a higher derangement rates.Potential Effects of Structure on Employee BehaviorA clear and concise chain of command is significant in any production line. This structure will allow the employees of the organization to control an understanding and appreciation for the chain of command, the st ructure of the system, as well as the organization. Without the chain of command, the system would fail. Judging from the employee consensus, the team has managed to dungeon a sense of interest from the employee basis. They also believe thatthe team is sincere in its concern for the employees of the business. A negative reaction in the population of employees was that there was a definite lack of communication.Due to the fact that the employees are also affected by the changes occurring with the implementation of this system, communication will be a all important(p) point between leaders, managers, and team members. We have also decided that another crucial key point will be the opinion and feedback of the employee population. In order to implement this system with the highest success rate possible, we need to know from an outside view, how it is working before there are issues with the customers. This will also make the employees ascertain as though they have a meaningful contri bution to the task.Characteristics and Potential Influence on Employee BehaviorTeam orientation and culture are the bases of the heathenish characteristics in regards to Riordan Manufacturing. These characteristics consist of the idea that work functions around team. This is a strong asset in a business. Individual mind-sets will only slow the business down. Team orientation is necessary because each team member represents a small portion of a larger picture. Each of them attains a common experience of the task and goals that need to be achieved. Another strong point of a team base is the fact that they can rely on each other for help, both with the system implementation and other issues.A potential breakthrough for the organization could be a stronger ability to use the employees by embracing them and their meat values. We could gain an appreciation for their hard work and dedication to the company. Pay raises could compensate the employees for this dedication, along with bonuse s and incentives. Incentives, whatever they may be, are a good way to stay fresh the way that culture can influence employees so that they may embrace its importance and meaning.Potential Sources of Resistance and Strategies to Manage EffectivelyResistance to change is an expect reaction of human nature. We are not accustomed to change, as it is possible to lead to failure however, there are also ways to manage the exemption within the company. Individually, selective information processing has a high potential for resistance. Despite the fact that most bases will be covered in the way of informationdistribution throughout the employees, managers, and leaders, it is highly likely that there will be confusion and a lack of communication. This has brought about the decision to make any distributed information passed along on a selective basis. Rules have been made and guidelines have been set in order to maintain order throughout the business however, the employees have grown accust omed to these rules and guidelines.Changes on a grand scale will likely have an adverse effect on the employees. It will quarrel their averageal activity and behavior causing the employees to react in a way that takes away from the severity of the changes. To simplify the consequences of this scenario, employees will adopt the popular selective hearing. They will hear what they want to hear and react in such a way that makes sense to them in regards to the old norm. Organizationally, the biggest threat will possibly be structural inertia. Due to the fact that the business has set a plan and method of conducting business successfully, the organization is likely to attain an place that constitutes the saying, if it is not broken, do not fix it. This would obviously be reasoning for resistance to change.Change Implementation StrategyAs far as the implementation of the new system goes, the next 12 months will be crucial. A plan will help to dictate the direction in which the plan will take the business. Providing a detailed step-by-step instruction manual, so to speak, will be the shell chance for the success of the implementation. It may take a place longer, but implementing the plan only one step at a time will make for a smoother transaction from one norm to the next. This will also allow for feedback of the employees without aggravation, which will also allow time for necessary adjustments.Evaluate the Success or Failure of the ChangeAt first, the employees will likely be confused by the change. It will take time to adjust to the new norm before an evaluation of the success can be determined. Training will be of great importance. Having a pre-knowledge of the upcoming events will prepare the employees for the inevitable. We know that the change is coming and so should they. The customer base is the shell way to know for sure if the plan is effective. Most businesses only exist as a service to a customer therefore, training the employees on the ripe(p) an dwrong reactions to the customers and the service that they receive will be the primary goal for Riordan Manufacturing. This will give the customers a sense that the company is making the necessary changes to bring out serve them.Communication PlanThere are a few different channels that can be used to communicate the change. The most important channel is through face to face interaction. It is the best way to be able to see if a person understands what you are telling them. It also gives them an luck to ask questions if they dont understand. By doing face to face interaction, it gives us an opportunity to shew their body language and comprehend if they are on the said(prenominal) page as we are. Another good channel to use to communicate is telecommunicate. It is a good way to send out a message to all the appropriate people at one time. While it doesnt allow us to be able to see peoples reactions, it does allow them to read it and print it out so that they can remember it easie r. Putting up flyers around the building is another way to get people informed in case that they dont see their emails or someone forgets to tell them. On the flyers it is imperative to put on them to come see the managers with any questions.This is the to the lowest degree personal way to communicate this but still an effective way to communicate our message. There are potential barriers that could cause our message not to get relayed. We could forget to tell some people about the change that is occurring. A way to make sure we do this is to come up with a checklist to point out every time that we tell someone to ensure that the message is delivered. Another barrier would be that the email does not get sent through. Sometimes computers do not work properly so there is always potential for a failure of the email being sent. One thing that we can do is to make sure that we copy the email to ourselves so that we know that the email is sent out.Also we need to make sure that we read over the email to ensure that everything was worded properly and the email is easy to understand. The final barrier that could be encountered is to make sure that we do not put too much information in our message so that there is an overload. We need to be clear and concise and be to point. Our message needs to be as efficient as it possibly can be so that our readers or hearers understand it completely.The MessageExpressly, change agents bear the significant responsibility of managing change activities within the organization. Furthermore, change agents are visionaries, which identify early on that modifications to the organization are necessary to strengthen the organization, subsequently allowing the organization to remain relevant in terms of commerce generation. What is more is change agents can be internal (employees) or external (out-side consultants), managers, or non-managers. Though change agents play a critical role within the organization, organizational members do not a lways embrace them. Indeed, organizational change is met with individual sources (routine, security, financial factors, fear of the unknown, and discriminating information processing). In addition, the following organizational sources (structural inactivity, set focus of change, group inactivity, threat of proficiency, and threat to establish influential relationships). Clearly, change within the organization is a delicate endeavor. As a result, the selection of the best communication channel becomes underscored.Though the use of electronic mail has been in operation for decades the ability of Email allows for clear, well thought out directives in paper which means the message should not be convoluted. The message sender must consider his or her audience carefully. According to Mind Tools (2012), your message is delivered to individual members of your audience. No doubt, you have in mind the actions or reactions you hope your message will get from this audience. Keep in mind, thou gh, that each of these individuals enters into the communication process with ideas and feelings that will undoubtedly influence their understanding of your message, and their response, (Introduction to Communication Skills). For example, an Email message regarding changes within an organization, To the following essential groups/teams Organizational Shareholders, Human Resources, Accounting & Finance, Research & Development, Customer Service, Manufacturing, and finally our Sales Force.Specifically for our organization to sustain the success, which we have become accustomed to the following universal changes within the organization, are schedule to take affect shortly. Furthermore, all said(prenominal) groups and teams will benefit from these critical modifications. Since consumer markets have become global, the outsourcing of certain manufacturing responsibilities will allow our organization to increase profits while at the same timerealign teams by promoting selected manufacturi ng team members to the research and development department. Moreover, this revision promises to increase organizational profits. In addition, the intention to recruit members of our sales force as eternal in-house consultants offers an optimistic outlook, as they are extremely knowledgeable regarding customer needs.Though these planned adjustments will certainly change, the way we run our organization let us embrace these challenges, and respond expeditiously to hit the ground in a full sprint. Indeed an optimistic response will help us maintain profitability and navigate the ever-changing global market place. References Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A. (2011). Organizational Behavior (12th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ Pearson/Prentice Hall. University of Phoenix. (2012). Riordan Manufacturing. Retrieved from http//ecampus.phoenix.edu/secure/aapd/CIST/VOP/Business/Riordan/index.asp

Health Belief Model Essay

The health belief model is a useful tool in health education as it assesses the diligents perception of the disease process on their lives and their readiness to make changes in their lives based on those perceptions. A patient who is s/p MI must make dietary and activity level adjustments to their lives and can make the patient feel overwhelmed at the plentifulness of life style changes heading their way (Eldeman & Mandle, 2010). Using the health belief model, the nurse can assess the current dietary and activity habits of the patient, their perception of the severity of the chink requiring lifestyle changes, and together with the patient, formulate a plan consisting of multiple small changes that yield healthy results, while encouraging the patient to see the benefits of altering their lifestyle.Patients argon more likely to make needful changes when they perceive the outcomes as personally beneficial, and making several, small changes, such as using fresh green beans or else of canned to decrease the sodium intake, helps the patient to feel more in control and gives them confidence by decreasing the overwhelming feelings that large changes can invoke. An inhibit nursing diagnosis for this patient would be Anxiety related to changes in environment and routines and as evidenced by expressions of inadequacy in make necessary changes (Gulanick, 2007). Appropriate interventions would be Assess the patients readiness to learn, current lifestyle habits, knowledge of health condition, and desired learning mode (i.e. visual, auditory, kinesthetic). Allow the patient to express fears and concerns regarding the lifestyle changes. Develop, with the patient, a strategy for making lifestyle changes building on small short term goals, such as cooking techniques, dietary substitutions to currently enjoyed foods, simple exercise techniques easily incorporated into lifestyle. Provide resource material and/or support groups for patient to utilize once at home. Outcomes for assessing bearing changesPatient accurately describes health condition and necessary lifestyle changes. Patient accurately describes techniques for implementing lifestyle changes. Patient expresses confidence in making required lifestyle changes. ReferencesEdelman, Mandle, C. (2010). Health Promotion Throughout the Life Span (7th ed). Mosby. Retrieved from http//pageburstls.elsevier.com/books/9780323056625/id/B9780323056625000103_p0935 Gulanick, M. (2007). Nursing Care Plans Nursing Diagnosis and Intervention (6th ed). C.V. Mosby. Retrieved from http//pageburstls.elsevier.com/books/0-323-03954-5/2/10

Personal Response

Both of these videos were enjoyable to watch, I thought it was great to hear others love stories from their point of view. One of the offset printing similarities between them was of course, theyre both love stories. During both of them it is described of how much they love each other, and it truly shows through their emotion and compassion. In both their love is only if a quick shot of faith in that they will be together for the rest of their lives. The first one of the younger couple, she comes from another country and subsequently eight short days together, he then realizes that he cant let her go home toBangkok and that they must get married. In the indorse one, the man sits push down with her on a date and straight up tells her that he cant lose her and that they need to be married. All of these things that happen in these stories happen genuinely quickly, in both it is as if they Just absolutely know for certain this Is their one true love and they very quickly decide to get married. Although these stories are very similar In some aspects, they still afford their differences. The story of the younger couple they come from opposite sides of the world, the man Is from Waco, Texas and the female Is from Bangkok, China.How they become acquainted Is from their names, somehow these two several(predicate) people have the same exact name, and her work email ended up In his inbox one day by slew therefore prima(p) to their start In conversation. While In the second film they are from the same place, and they most definitely do not have the same name as In the first video. Finally, there Is a tragic flaw In the second film the older gentleman ends up receiving terrible news of having terminal cancer so the woman ends up losing the true love of her life. Fortunately this did not happen to the younger couple that was In the first video. Personal Response By Dalton-SnowMIFF com I it is as if they Just absolutely know for certain this is their one true love and they very quickly decide to get married. Although these stories are very similar in some from opposite sides of the world, the man is from Waco, Texas and the female is from Bangkok, China. How they become acquainted is from their names, somehow these two different people have the same exact name, and her work email ended up in his inbox one day by mistake therefore leading to their start in conversation. While in the same name as in the first video. Finally, there is a tragic flaw in the second film younger couple that was in the first video.

Boundaries

It usually helps to establish the scope rules from the start of a session, according to Gravells (2008, p.7) setting ground rules helps everyone know their limits. This can be a mixture of ground rules determined by the tutor or can be negotiated between both the tutor and the students. As a give it can provide expectations for the behaviour of the group. For example typical ground rules may include Starting and finishing times Listening to others Mobile phone rules tutelage personal issues out of the session Maintaining confidentiality within the groupThe only disadvantage is that it can be time consuming negotiating between the students and the tutor, but setting the rules in this way will result in the group being more likely to be committed to them, (Petty, G. 2004)It is especially important to agree a ground rule if the group are discussing their experiences or difficult situations. This will establish a rule that allows the students to feel safe at being able to let loo se themselves (Gould and Francis 2009) in their contributions to the group.These established, negotiated and agreed ground rules can be displayed on a wall to remind everyone what is expected within the session. This will ensure that a friendly, friendly and relaxed atmosphere is developed and maintained.

Fireweed Essay

Baluta and some of his family have travel from Liberia in Africa. It is properly a result of a war caused by blood diamantes. We are not told which country Baluta moved to, but its an English speaking country. Baluta speaks and understands English very well. That properly means he has lived at that place for a couple of years. He is earning his money by working as a carpenter. But that doesnt manage him a millionaire. As you already can sense in the start of the story, its showed by, they cannot spread a raw and bigger bed or a new car or anything else that could make their lives more pleasant.Another sign is that he lives with his brother and sister-of-law. And they all have to share one toiletroom. Baluta is the just now one in the family who goes to work by car because there is no bus to the place he works. He doesnt equivalent that fact that the peacefulness of the family has to bring forth up very early to subject the bus, he wishes that they all could have a car even if its an old and used one. capture also is something that could indicate that the family doesnt have a lot of money. The story is easy to understand, but doesnt contains many descriptions of the environment so in that case we have to guess a bit.But it contains a lot of flashbacks to Balutas life in Liberia. All these flashbacks appear because something from Balutas life in the new country reminds him of something and someone from his life in Liberia. The first flashback appears when he is taking a cold bath in the morning. Cold like Kpatawee Falls back home in Liberia, Baluta thought. And at that consign he knows that the day is going to be a day he will remember for the rest of his life. The story stretches over a single day, it is written in third person. In the beginning of the endeavor Baluta wakes up from a nightmare.In the nightmare he sees his sister Alanso stirrers at him from the dead. It seems like his sisters death had conductn him a harsh time. The Maine theme cou ld very well be exactly like that losses and memories. Baluta tries to keep all his focus on the work, but he gets distracted because of the flashbacks reminding him of something from his life in Liberia thats if it is a safe(p) or a enceinte memory. One day when he is at work her hears a conversation between a wife and her husband, the wife is yelling at her husband, because he cant find the specific wall paint colour fireweed and the wife altogether wants that colour in their house.When he hears the word fireweed it is reminding him of a specific day his grandma would give him some of it, because she would punish him for something bad he had done. Fireweed it is a plant that grows among others in North Africa and in the Middle East. But he never gets his punishment, because when he was on his way back home, and their shanty formerly appears in the horizon, he sees his family are attacked by men in jeeps with guns and machetes. He watches his father hanging from a tree, his gra ndma in a blood puddle of her own on the ground. We dont get to know Balutas age in the story.We neither hear of a wife or kids so he could be relatively young man. Baluta is well-mannered to the people he works for, and for everyone else, and when he dialogue to the women he refers to them with miss. Baluta is not an easy name to pronounce so he has decided to war cry himself Joel when he is at work. Baluta is a nice and good person, an example of that is as earlier mentioned, he feels bad because he needs to take the car to work when his family has to take the bus. That makes us believe that is a good minded person. Generally Baluta he is a good person and good at his job and puts others in front himself.

Coca Cola Unethical Business Practices Atricle Essay

Coca-Cola is the largest soda provider in the world. Although it is widely consumed, many another(prenominal) people be unaware of its wear violations. The company has come under fire in the subsist few months for the way in which its workers are treated in Guatemala. The primary source of all the rage is the workers union. On February 25, 2010, Coke was sued by those Guatemalan laborers, who claim that they, endured a campaign of violence from the people who worked for the bottling or processing embeds owned by Coke ( business organisation Week).This violence took place in Guatemala City. The perpetrators were employed by Incasa, which operated the bottling plant (Business Week). One of the plaintiffs is Jose Palacios, who faced violence after rejoining the workers union in 2004. Not only was he coolness at and threatened at the bottling plant, but armed men broke into his home and threatened his family (Atlanta Business News). A few weeks after this invasion, in 2005, he was fired without a cause (North American coitus on Latin America).Another plaintiff in the theme is Jose Chavez, a prominent union leader. In 2008, after he participated in collective-bargaining activities in Guatemala City, returned home to his waiting family. Upon his arrival, Chavezs son and nephew were brutally dispatch in front of his eyes and his 16 year old daughter was gang-raped (North American Congress on Latin America). This violence was a response to his activity in the union. Coca-Cola has faced legal action by workers before.In 2001, it was sued by union laborers in Colombia for violence against unionized workers. In a statement at Cokes annual meeting of shareholders in 2005, the company claimed,Our company and our bottling partners have been accused of complicity in the murder of union members and the ongoing intimidation of union members and of the suppression of union activity in Colombia. The allegations are not true (PBS). The company paid more attention to the problem only after an global boycott began in 2003 (Business Week).Ultimately, Coca-Cola and its bottlers were found not guilty and cleared of any wrong-doing by Colombian courts (PBS). When the case was brought to the United States, Coca-Cola fought to have its name removed from the lawsuit and got its wish. Although this has not been widely publicized, the labor violations of Coca-Cola are a prominent issue. Consumers of Coke, and other items produced by corporations with foggy labor practices, have to ask themselves how they can make a difference.Students at colleges across the United States, one being Rutgers Univeristy, have started boycotts of the soda. Rutgers students were successful in their activism, and the university has switched its contract to Pepsi (Killer Coke). A new accusative was released in 2009 called The Coca-Cola Case. It was filmed by German Gutierezz and Carmen Garcia to highlight the reality of union busting at Coca-Cola bottling plants in Colombia, Guat emala and Turkey (Green Muze).This movie reveals the practices of just one of the many multi-national corporations and upon watching it, the consumers will hopefully be inspired to better inform themselves about the products they consume (Green Muze). Here is a link to the trailer for this documentary The Coca-Cola Case. Coca-Cola is one of the most powerful corporations in the world. Its business practices have to be questioned by the consumer to ensure that labor violations are not being committed.

Costco Wholesale in 2012 Essay

Analysis and military ratingSince the inception of Costco in 1983, one of its drawbacks is, they ease up 4,000 selections of merchandise comp ard to their competitors. In addition, customers can only procure merchandises in lot. Consumers who shop at Costco do not have the choice to pick up one superstar item, for instance a can of soup. Although Costco prices are low and the consumers get more for their money, more consumers are squander food because they no longer have the big families. Costco of necessity to look at the demographics and re-evaluate their tune model, as this could be detrimental to the company. In todays society, more families are getting divorce and are becoming single parents.The big families are almost none existent therefore, most consumers do not need to purchase in bulk. Many consumers want to have choices when it comes to the amount of food they purchase. One may say there are other shopping establishments a consumer may visit to get incisively what they want however, that is beside the point. Giving consumers the choice to purchase individual merchandise will not only fill in more business just now alike an increase in cash flow, which will also increase profits for Costco. On the other hand, Costco competitors such as Wal-Mart stocked up 40,000 to 150, 000 items for shoppers to choose from and surface-to-air missiles high society have over 16,000 items. Sams unite have the treasure-hunt items but bleed to be little upscale and carry lower price tags than those of Costco. Both Wal-Mart and Sams Club give shoppers more choices than Costco even though Costco offers a cheaper price on their merchandise.Costco spends very little in advertisements and they totally rely on their name and word of mouth by their customers. Compared to Sams Club they spent about $50 million annually advertising and direct mail promotions.Furthermore, Costco does not have a Public Relation division, which is not good business practice, even thou gh they have been slightly for years and they are doing well financially. However, there are many opportunities for one of its competitor to come in take away their market share. Costco does not attract people who are below the poverty air they cater to the business consumer and urbanites that have an annual income of $100,000 therefore, people who are impoverish cannot afford the membership fees and bulk purchase. In addition, Costco membership fee is more expensive compared to Sams Club.RecommendationCostco needs to remedy the variety of choices by giving the consumer more than 4,000 items to choose from while their competitors are actually giving customers what they want. Costco needs to take into consideration the economy people have lost their jobs and the recession, as customers are looking for cheaper prices and ways to saving money. Furthermore, if Costco does not come up with new and innovative strategies to entice low income and single family line family to their esta blishment they are giving their competitors the upper hand.Costco should also focus on the advertisement because number of its rivals is already doing intense advertisement. In todays global and technological world, many businesses are being strong-growing and are taking advantage of investing heavily on the marketing. Costco cannot continue to use the concept of academic term back and waiting for their customers to spread the word by mouth.Costco needs to move in the direction of the twenty-first century by being more proactive by utilizing technology and a PR department for marketing purposes. It is true that company like Costco are doing good in economic downturn but competitors like Sams club is outperforming Costco in pricing which could be biggest threats to the Costco even though Costco keeps comparatively reproached and qualitative product than that of Sams ClubThe Five Forces Model of CompetitionSubstitutes unshakable threatGood substitutes everywherePrice not significan tly higherComparable product features more than variety of featuresLow sack costPotential new entrantsLow threatSmall pot entry candidatesHigh barriers to entryExpanding marketAttractive profitsBuyersWeak bargaining spring around switching costLarge membership baseCostco has the best valueSuppliersWeak bargaining powerMany suppliersLow switching costMany substitutes existLarge quantities are neededCompeting sellers jolting CompetitionCostco is on topQuality is slightly betterBuyer demand is growingBuyers switching cost is lowSWOTStrength WeaknessLow product and services Strong brand Excellent merchandise Exceptional employees 54 million members Economics of scale Efficiency James Sinegal is 79 Maintain high wages 42% higher than Sams Club Comparatively less attractive store layout for luxury itemsDeclining or inconsistent profit margins Primary focus on business customers rather than individual customers Opportunities ThreatRecession- Easier to find bargain luxury-items- Increase d popularity of Costco Expanding foreign markets- Europe- China India Positive moving picture in terms of employees pay and social responsibility Increasing brand awareness Fierce ambitionCostco cannot attract people who are below poverty line due to its membership fees and bulk purchaseHigh competition from Sams Club and BJPolitical problems in other countriesReferencesThomspson, A. A., Peteraf, M. A., Gamble, J. E., & Strickland III, A. (2012). Crafting & Executing dodge (19th ed.). New York, New York McGraw-Hill/Irvin.

Challenge in people management of contemporary

The root part of this article is an analysis which in a viewpoint of organic evolution to understand and anticipate the change of bear lovement. Second part is to nevertheless illustrate how those changes affect the environs of estimate worry and eventu onlyy change the role of intercommunicate managing director. The last three parts atomic number 18 combination of conceptual and practical elements to elaborate genius fact that the competency of a aim payler is the key factor to both render success and placement success. Evolution of rove anxiety A count on is a temporary endeavor undertaken to produce a unique reaping, service or result.And project management is the application of knowledge, tools and techniques to project activities to achieve project requirements. -? MAMBO. As society and organizational structures have shifted over days, the tools and techniques, methodologies, factors and requirements of project management have consequently change d as sh owing below in Figurer. Figurer project management evolution timeline Project management is a methodology which was originally unquestionable to purr sue maximum utility of resources in order to accomplish a common goal, in this case, I think its fair to say that I its based on utilitarianism. 2Picture and illustration origin from w. Iv. Protectorates. Com The larger-than-life bang period At the very first evolutionary step, the project heading was mainly for living. passel argon organized to utilizes limited resources for survival or better life. Even though the achievement of manage meet is remarkable where we burn d bear see the concrete evidence like the pyramids in Egypt or the Chinese great wall. These astonish inning artificers also prove that people have already found a model to work efficiently together in this prehistoric period. And a power structure organization was accept as the one and however sol caution at that time. The industrialization the hard facts Within the next step of industrialization and mechanization, people started to make a division of work in production line. The posting shapees were divided into small work steps to produce a product or service. They started to realize that it is to a greater extent likely to get an mhoure project approach by detailed planning of tasks. The Tailors3 reign through people at this time as Henry Ford surprised the human be being with his unruffledal machine empire. 3. The soft facts As a result of productive rate increasing, the complexity of product increased as w ell and speeded up their life cycles.Industrialists like Henry Ford soon observed that the hard facts (scientific management) has its limit. The further improvement of efficiency is mainly contributed by knowledge workers who has special know how within himself, trust from different project partners (from loss leaders, project colleagues or suppliers and customers) and a social network from preceding self-made pro ject work. And its the first time people begin to recognize that all people atomic number 18 different in their objectives, senses, get dressed of beliefs, construction of reality and engages.Individual leadership within a project is practically important. . Multipurpose management As the competitive pressure and complexity accumulating, the traditional model to work together could no desireer cope with increasing complicated requirements and dynamic of market. The limited amount of knowledge workers were seen as scarce resources and required to be balanced within project programs or project portfolios in several dimensions of procrastination. And industrialists begun to pursuing Increase of dour term survival of the company in orbicular society and economy.As it well illustrated by Jim Collins in his book Good to great the direct 5 Manager4 . 5. Utter Trial project management competence 3 Scientific management, also called Tailors, is a theory of management that t analyzes and synthesizes workflow. Its main objective is improving economic efficiency, especially labor productivity. It was one of the earliest attempts to apply science to the engineering of processes and to management. Its exploitation began with Frederick Winslow Taylor in the back talk and 1 8905 within the manufacturing industries. Collins often discusses a Level 5 leader in his writings. This refers to the pea k of a fitter hierarchy of leadership characteristics presented in the books. A Level 5 Leader is someone who embed dies a paradoxical mix of personal humility and sea captain go out. 2 Today we have n previous(predicate) all information in real time by multidimensional corporate communication networks and Internet. And shargonholder driven companies are required to grow steadily because of the deepen interest agreement, and they are Inevitably required to start super national (e. G.European wide) or world(prenominal) expansion activities to overcome the local market sa turation. The world is becoming flat where companies confront with intercultural problems and business surround changes. They Start heading toward a new-fashioned on that point of problems such as customer requirements, competitor environment, supplier structures, logistic chain, finance flow, the legal environment, climate, values of beliefs and historic cult rural development. 6. Netter Trial project cooperation competence Today the high development and successful centralization of technology require a knowledge intensive competence within companies.Inverness, the ability to adapt with the dynamic of markets and shorten product life cycles is getting more and more important. And the research of Exonerative predicts that after the current yes (development of monoculture cooperation) entrust follow the real globalization with the global masterwork of intercultural cooperation. Thats why the competence to realize and manage intercultural project cooperation and develop the corpor ate culture between companies volition become beential importance.Sociological development models e. G. Spiral Dynamics also show that people and social human beings systems including those from a certain aim Of conciseness (Value Meme 8) are going to take the evolutionary step from previous Misapplied contracts to interdependent cooperation. 7. The lifework balance firework balance is a step where project work, private and family life are bal once. Current studies show that the increasing complexity and dynamic working environment causes a lot of mental illnesses.Only the balance between intensive work and recreation, spare time and time with the family is the foundation Of a wide term fulfilled life Of happiness. 8. The soul level balance 5 From The World Is Flat A Brief History of the Identifiers Century , an intern cantonal bestselling book by Thomas L. Friedman that analyzes globalization, primarily in the early 21st century. The t title is a metaphor for viewing the wor ld as a level playing field in terms of commerce, where all competitors have an equal opportunity. In economics, Exonerative waves (also called cypresses,great surges, persistent w eaves, Saves or the long economic cycle) are supposedly jellylike phenomena in the modern world economy. It is claim med that the period of the wave ranges from forty to sixty years, the cycles consist of alternating intervals between high sec Doral growth and intervals of relatively slow growth. 7 Spiral Dynamics is a dynamic model of human development and development of mimes carrying systems such as a social network, society or company introduced in the 1996 book Spiral Dana miss by Don Beck and Chris Cowan.The book was based on the 1 sass theories of psychologist Clare W. Graves. Spiral Dynamics argues that human nature is not fixed humans are able, when forced by life conditions, to adapt to their envier moment by constructing new, more complex, conceptual models of the world that allow them to hand le the new problems. 8 A meme acts as a unit for carrying cultural ideas, symbols, or practices that c an be contagious from one mind to an other(a) wrought writing speech, gestures, rituals, or other imitable phenomena with a mimicked theme.The fact is that there is barely human being who has achieved power and economical wealth is really internally satisfied and solely fulfilled with happiness. They often suffer from dissatisfaction or deep, highly unpleasant loneliness. The project passenger car who achieves the balance of his consciousness levels in this Step , will increase his lifetime periods in happiness by personality development selfless. He will develop the ability to flower out his full consciousness capableness on the level of the person lit (Ego/intelligence/mind) to the level of visible world.The difficulties of project manager in contemporary society As going through the above mentioned evolution process, we can sum up that the project management changes from i ndustrial driven (hard skill oriented) to people driven (soft skill oriented), from national management to global cooperation and from material to immaterial satisfaction. But there are one thing remain unchanged that the project can plainly be completed by team, which means project performance can be seen as team performance not only externally (by sponsor) but also internally (by team members).And team building can be affected by several factors, such as individual characters and expertise, HRS cost and availability, project WEBS and organizational norms. One simple universal fact is that there is no recipe (one fits for all) of project management, different team structures may suit for different project types, and project managers need to adopt different roles with different responsibilities in different team structures accord Nagy. A contemporary project manager has to embody all the relative skills into himself to make projects success in all circumstances.Complicated divers ity of project types As time being, projects are getting more and more complicated, the simple production project which dominated in the past is no longer enough to cover all the diversity of projects. And there is a lot of way to categorize projects, they can be divided into longer, midterm and shorter projects by time, or they ca n be categorized by purposes as shown in Figurer, and each type of project will need different tea m strategy in correspondent. Figure 2 references of projects As project team, it can be oversimplified into two categories , Mechanist Structure and Matrix Structure. (see Figurer as below) Figure 3 Type of project teams Mechanist structure is more suitable for classic project which highly focus on tasks and results which are comparatively familiar, and as a result resource management will be the close crucial factor. Matrix structure is more relying on coaction instead of cooperation, where codependent is needed and it is especially effective in innovat ion project , and network management is highly valued. . Various competence of project manager As the team structures shift, the success of the project management function will depend heavily upon the project managers entrepreneurship, outworking, and collaboration skills. All of them are relying on good communication, without frequent, effective, and efficient communication among the project manager, project team, project sponsor, and other stakeholders, a project is likely headed toward disaster despite how good technical expertise the project manager has.Wisped defines collaboration as working together retro achieve a goal. It is a recursive process where two or more people or organizations work together to realize shared goals. The idea behind collaboration is that the sum of all elements is always greater n value than a mavin element, and it is the best way to codebook a fuddleder product or service to stakeholders. It is well illustrated by George Bernard Shaw If you have an orchard apple tree and I have an apple and we exchange these apples then you and will allay each have one apple.But if you have an idea and I have an idea and we exec angle these ideas, then each of us will have two ideas. The future of project management will emphasize strong internal entrepreneurial roles where individuals are expected to partner and collaborate on tasks to deliver greater value to the customers resulting in a sustainable competitive advantage. The competence of adapting different roles in different team with different projects to not only make the right thing but also make things right, will be the authorized shall Eng to a good project manager. 3.Complexity Of Stakeholders satisfactions Defining a project success is not solely by the well-fixed triangle of project management ( cost, time, quality) but dependent upon its stakeholders, which means without the satisfaction of stakeholders, a success project can and will be seen as a fall in project managemen t. But both person, from the project manager to the CEO, could has a different idea of what success means-?and often thats why teams dont get projects through efficiently. Nowadays, things are getting even more complicated because of the social net work blossom.Industry is not the only one gets globalization in modern time, so does the NIMBI, Noting my backyard becomes more and more Often Not in my neigh brood even nothing anywhere. 9 This fact emphasizes the demand for building and sustaining strong relationships with individuals not only internal but also external to the project engagement, information shared crosswise boundaries will enhance the capabilities available t meet the needs of that climate. 9 BANANA is an acronym for Build perfectly Nothing Anywhere Near Anything g (or Anyone).The term is close to often used to criticize the current op spotlight of certain advocacy groups to land De velveteen. 6 Additionally, expanding relationships across multiple functional div isions throughout the organization will help identify new opportunities and quickly bring expert personnel together to collapse a solution. The ending result equates to a satisfied business sponsor whose needs are being met. To sum up, skills focusing on managing project itself is far from enough or a project manager in nowadays, and stakeholders are not anymore solely whom project are related directly.A contemporary project manager now manages with things more and more metaphysical, which is not well covered by the project management methodology yet. And we as a future project manager, have to understand and realize those characteristics to create our own solutions and methods to get projects done. The spell of hierarchy in Taiwan A Chinese motto says . From rags to riches and back again takes only three generations 1 0, which is an old saying to encourage people not relying on family wealth UT to explore your own fortune in life.Inverness, it is also a very true spell in Taiwan ese business environment. In Taiwan, most successful .NET reprises are family business, and all successful enterprises 11 are strongly high hierarchical organization. All those wealthiest people on Forbes list instantly are funded himself or the second generation, it may be too premature to judge their future, but explanation always repeats itself. Lets take ACRE as example, it was established by Stan Shih, and under his lead it becomes the biggest PC supplier in Europe and 13th in the world.But things going down after he stepped own the CEO and retired, the transposition misjudged the trend of SIS and Android which eventually causes a tremendous financial loss since 2010. The company is lock up facing the survival crisis and desperately recruits Stan Shin back in charge who is already 70 years old in 2014. Jack Ma, the founder of Alabama group, once commented that It will be a pessimistic place, if someone who is over 70 still have to talk about innovation. On the other han d , most of the biggest western enterprises are as well family business, but they dont have such a problem.It proves that family possession is not the etiology, the devil is hidden in he organization hierarchy. Since 221 BC , Chinese people was already used to hierarchical domination. In history, every revolution in china is just a repeat to espouse another emperor until 19th century. Even in contemporary, democracy in Taiwan is still like a walking baby. It seems like there is a tendency of us to obey and research of r super leaders, every candidate was made up as hero during campaign, where the spotlight is honor yes on the candidate himself instead of his manifesto.Just like in ancient time that every emperor had to be believed as the true blood of god. In this mind Of cultural , Hierarchy and Coercion undoubtedly becomes the most welkin and popular way to lead and even be leaded, not only in politic but also in business. 10 11 There is a similar English proverb from clogs to clogs is only three generation NSA. According to Forbes Twains 40 richest list Undeniable that hierarchy organization is the most efficient one, but its drawback could be deadly in contemporary.Because after internet was invented, the information starts flying and product life cycle is further compressing and the demand of innovation becomes skyrocketing high. Under the hierarchy structure, everyone is afraid of make mistake, the goal of employees becomes to accomplish your superiors satisfaction or even anticipate it. The individual objective overvalue the organizational objective, personal interest in power ladder is more important than companys best interest, and the innovative ideas are often killed or buried during this process.Thats also why most of the famous Taiwanese enterprises are all MEMO suppliers, and even there once are some famous brands like ACRE, SASS, ETC, they cant sustain long and all facing survival crisis today. 12 Break the spell by project management ever ywhere this decade, the number of PM in Taiwan grows significantly from hundreds to more than twelve thousands. A PM testimony is not anymore a plus , but a must for applying a manager position nowadays.The seed of preconditioned anarchically organization has been planted, and I believe it will definitely sprout someday. either project is an opportunity to bring different experts across the organization together, to cooperate and collaborate in a limited time scheme, which means no time for bureaucracy that people can be released from hierarchy and focus on problem solving. Every project is a synergy of organization, not only vertically but also horizontally and it can be seen as an authorized way to break the exist structure to work together.

A & P: A Study of Society’s Norms

I felt how onerous the world was going to be for me hereafter, Sammy mutters at the end of John Updikes short story, A & P.On the surface, Sammy is talking about the problems he will experience after telling his boss that he has quitted his job, provided he is really referring to the beginning of his responsibility to defend people being judged for their appearances, and to stand up to ascendency when the rules limit peoples freedom and creativity. He understands the difficulty of the mission he has given himself.The successiveness that changes Sammys life happens one day in an A & P supermarket. As a 19 year old who mans one of the check-out registers at the supermarket, he observes three girls enter wearing only their washup suits.This completely distracts him so that he cannot even remember if he has rang up the Hiho crackers (Updike) for one of the clients. On the other hand, he can remember the details of the three girls appearances. He thinks less generously of the custome r who bought the Hiho crackers, referring to her as someone who if born at the right time they would extradite burned her over in Salem (Updike).You could see them, when Queenies white shoulders dawned on them, kind of jerk, or hop, or hiccup, save their eyes snapped okay to their own baskets and on they pushed. I bet you could set off dynamite in an A & P and the people would by and large keep reaching and checking oatmeal off their lists and muttering Let me see, in that respect was a third thing, began with A, asparagus, no, ah, yes, applesauce or whatever it is they do mutter. But there was no doubt, this jiggled them.A a couple of(prenominal) house-slaves in pin curlers even looked around after pushing their carts past to make sure what they had seen was specify (Updike).The above paragraph is the best portrayal of the girls effect on the supermarkets patrons. Queenie, as Sammy calls the prettiest of the three girls, has the some effect. Comparing the arrival of the girl s to an explosion signifies the impact, and also the rarity of girls, or anyone for that matter, ever coming into the supermarket in their swimsuits. roughly people follow the dress code implemented in the supermarket, or any other semipublic place besides the beach. The short story of one seemingly mundane occurrence at a supermarket speaks volumes about judging appearances.The girls are in the supermarket to buy a jar of herring snacks for Queenies fetch and not to make any trouble, but the fact that they are wearing swimsuits have earned them a reprimand from the manager, Lengel. Lengel who also teaches Sunday school and is pretty dreary according to Sammy, represents the people in bon ton who make and follow rules and expect others to do the same. He rigidly implements the rules in the A & P he is managing to the point that after reprimanding the girls, he reminds Sammy about ringing up the girls purchase. Every rule must be followed to the letter for people like Lengel (Updi ke).However, even before Lengels appearance in the short story, Sammy already observes the glances that the sheep, which is his term for the customers, give the girls. The girls being in their swimwear has given the customers quite a shock. Even Sammy and his married co-worker, Stokesie, have become very engrossed in watching the girls. They may not condemn the girls like Lengel and the customers but their reaction also limits the free spirited choice of the girls to wear bathing suits to the supermarket. Their behavior suggests that the act is clearly something that is out of the norm.Defending the girls has made Sammy a hero, but he must make it a crusade to move the difficult task of making the more conservative people of society understand the value of hold up and let live. Being sidetracked from such a mission and bowing down to rules that he does not intrust in will reduce his defense of the girls as an act of a boy with a analyse and not an act of pure honor.Works CitedU pdike, John. A & P. 8 November 2007 .