Unit 10The Guitar in MexicoObjectivesAt the end of this unit, the pupil should be up to(p) to:A. gripe the history of the guitar and guitar composers/players in Mexico. B. Identify the major guitar composers in Mexico. C. Be familiar with the names of any(prenominal) of the more(prenominal) than renowned pieces of guitar unison from Mexico. Key Terms lowo continuo-- the technique of improvising harmony to a pen bass line. Haydn--Franz Josef Haydn (1732-1809), a re alto involvehery famous determinate composer from Austria. Impressionism--a style of melody characterized by a rejection of traditional Western- prime harmony and refreshingity. It withal tush have dissonance and untypical rhythms. counter block--a technique of opposing voices sorrowful in funny motion. passacaglia--an Italian or Spanish move form with a repeated theme. This Gigue by Manuel Ponce is performed by Horst Klee. The first guitar plausibly was brought to Mexico by a monk in the 1700s and it has since become the content instrument. Although the red-brick guitar with six single set up is the predominant form of the instrument in use, on that purport nuclear number 18 several some other versions of strummed and force fretted stringed instruments in Mexico that be of the guitar family. Among them are jaranas, requintos, leonas, boconas, vihuelas and bajos sextos. They range in size from real menial instruments made of armadillo shells to the very macroscopic guitarrón. The earliest guitars compete in Mexico were fancy guitars. They typic participator had five courses (pairs of strings) and were much smaller that their contemporary cousins. They were to the highest degree much used to accompany singers and melodic instrumentalists. However, there is evidence that unity of the close to all-important(prenominal) Spanish guitar players of the baroque era (1600-1750), capital of Chile de Murcia (born, Madrid, c.1682) settled in Mexico and lived ther e until his expiry c.1740. In the betimes ! 1700s, Murcia was appointed guitar teacher to Queen muck upÃa Luisa Gabriela, the young wife of Felipe V, King of Spain. Santiago de Murcia arrived in Mexico as early as 1719 or as tardy as 1730. No atomic number 53 feels the exact hears of his arrival or of his death. What is cognise is that some of his most important arrive at dates from his powder store clip in Mexico. The manuscripts for SaldÃvar Codex no.4 and the Passa surroundes y obras de guitarra por todos los tonos naturales y acidentales (Passacaglias and plant for Guitar for all the Natural and Accidental Tones) date from 1732. His Resumen of the said(prenominal) current is considered by umpteen the most extensive treatise on freshwater bass continuo, the technique of improvising harmony to a scripted bass line. He also produced many arrangements for solo guitar including some of the first written examples of early Spanish dances such as the jácara, mariona, gallarda, villano and españoleta. He also pr oduced the earliest manuscripts of fandangos, jotas and seguidillas, among the most important dances in Spanish culture. Carrying on the European and Asian traditions of melding pagan styles, Murcia was the first to write pop African-American cumbés and zarambeques. Today, we would call his approach world medicament. Luis de Medina(b 1751; d 1806). Mexican guitar player and composer. He was a native of Puebla, Mexico and, at the age of 19, moved to Mexico City. in that location he performed in comedias and other theatrical productions, as did his both daughters who were singers. His most nonable work is Siana y Silvio, which accredit its première in Mexico Citys main theatre, the Coliseo, in 1805. He excelled in other areas as surface, and servicingd as an control in the Royal Court of Justice. (Russell and Stevenson, 173?4)François de pitfall was born on August 31, 1775, in the city of Perpignan in s out(p)hern France climb up the Spanish border. At the get down of the French Revolution, de Fossa went to Spain to yok! e other French officers, Gentlemen of the Nobility, cognise as the Legion of the Pyrénées. At the age of 21 in 1796, he was summoned to serve directly under the Spanish War Minister, Miguel d?Azanza. In 1789, Carlos IV appointed d?Azanza as Viceroy of Mexico and d?Azanza took de Fossa with him. He returned to Spain in 1803 and had a successful legions career until he retired in 1844. He died in capital of France in 1849. Although very little is know about de Fossas medical specialtyal comedy comedy activities in Mexico, he very likely would have played in casual hearty settings and would have sought out others for medicineal fellowship date there. At the time, there were many upper middle track and noble immigrants who enjoyed a brisk cultural scene. In asset to his military career, he was well thought of in musical circles upon his return to Europe and was called the Haydn of the Guitar. He was an accomplished composer and teacher and is credited by Dionisio Aguado wit h inventing artificial harmonics, a technique in which the guitarist plucks a string while touching it at one of the node points to make a bell like sound. in all likelihood his greatest cont knitution to the music world is that his copies of the Boccherini Quintets for Guitar and String quadruplet are the notwithstanding copies that survived the era. Manuel rapeÃa Ponce Cuéllar (1882-1948) was born in Zacatecas, Mexico and original his early training and passkey experience in Mexico. He was primarily known as a composer, but was also a virtuoso pianist and an accomplished conductor. He study in Paris in the 1920s with the French composer capital of Minnesota Dukas where he added Impressionism to his tonal palette. His earlier full treatment were composed in a genteel salon style that he throw out for the more formalized and structured European music of the day. His constituent of counterpoint (a technique of opposing voices moving in turnabout motion) was fused with I mpressionism along with his nationalistic style of us! ing Mexican folk music as a starting point for melodic and rhythmic ideas. The great 20th century Spanish guitarist Andres Segovia inspired Manuel Ponce to write some of his get over music. The partnership between Ponce and Segovia produced much of the early foundational rig and boodle of the modern guitar repertoire including one of the most widely performed concertos of the modern era. His many written materials include music for piano, violin, orchestra and chamber music as well many songs. His wrote his most famous song, Estrellita, in 1914 and received only the equivalent of $5 for it from his publisher. Carlos Chavez and Silvestre Revueltas have eclipsed Ponces ready in Mexican music history, but many are approach shot to know Ponces better works and, for now, the jurys out. Carlos Chávez, 1899-1978 wrote only a some works for guitar. His solo guitar output is bound to Three Pieces for Guitar - Largo, Tranquillo and Un poco mosso as well as his Feuille dAlbum. They a re very rarely performed in public. Rafael Adame (c.1906 - 1963) wrote and performed the first twentieth-century guitar concerto. He was born in Autlán de la Grana, Jalisco, Mexico. Jesús Silva (1914-1996), a student of Francisco Salinas was an influential and heartfelt teacher primarily in Mexico and the U.S.
He examine composition with Manuel Ponce and guitar with Andres Segovia and held positions at several prestigious institutions including the National hothouse of medicine in Mexico and the North Carolina schooltime of Music. Of particular stemma to DCCCD students, he taught several masterclasses in Dalla s at the invitation of one of his great(p) students,! Robert Guthrie, now head of the guitar program at southern Wesleyan University. Composer, Samuel Zyman of Mexico City, Mexico, has won many coveted prizes and is on the rarefied readiness of the Julliard School in New York. In step-up to his legion(predicate) works for guitar, he also composes symphonies, film scores, songs and chamber music. umpteen of Mexicos best composers throughout history have avoided the guitar because, as in the rest of the world, it was considered a crude folk instrument not worthy of serious consideration. Fortunately, the classical guitar is accepted in most colleges, universities and conservatories, thanks in good part to the artistic evangelizing of Segovia in the 20th century. Many of the leading guitarists who have made careers establish in Mexico are not native Mexicans. Most notably is Argentine, Manuel Lopez Ramos. There are many virtuoso Mexican guitarists story abroad. One of several exceptions:Award winning classical guitarist Juan Car los Laguna is considered one of the most outstanding guitarists of his generation. International critics honour his technique and expressive musicianship. Born in Mexico City, Laguna canvas at the National University Music School where he graduate with honors and is now a faculty member. In 1991, Laguna was awarded bound Prize at Tokyo?s International Guitar Competition, having competed with oer 86 other guitarists from all over the world. He has performed with all leading orchestras of Mexico, as well as in Argentina, rib Rica, Cuba, France, Germany, Guatemala, Italy, Japan, Peru, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Recently, as soloist with the London Symphony Orchestra, Mr. Laguna salve the Guitar Concerto by Lalo Shifrin. German Vasquez Rubio and Abel Garcia are among the more prominent guitar builders from Mexico. For more information on guitar builders in Mexico search on Paracho, Mexico. kit and boodle CitedLaguna, Juan Carlos. Program Notes. No date. Ophée, Matanya. Gui tar And Lute Issues:The On-line cartridge clip of Ed! itions Orphée. hypertext transfer protocol://www.orphee.com . Russell, Craig, ed. Stevenson R., Music in Mexico: a diachronic Survey, New York, 1952. Groves Music Online. London: Oxford University Press, 2005. hypertext transfer protocol://0-www.grovemusic.com.library.dcccd.edu/grove-owned/music/about.html. Source material for this portal that is not cited is from un-credited program notes and from retention and sources already cited. Suggested ReadingOphée, Matanya. Adame. hypertext transfer protocol://www.orphee.com/madreng.htm . Ophée, Matanya. De Fossa. http://www.orphee.com/defossa/mexico.htm . Ophée, Matanya. Guitar And Lute Issues:The On-line snip of Editions Orphée. http://www.orphee.com . Web LinksOphée, Matanya. Adame. http://www.orphee.com/madreng.htm . Ophée, Matanya. De Fossa. http://www.orphee.com/defossa/mexico.htm . Ophée, Matanya. Guitar And Lute Issues:The On-line Magazine of Editions Orphée. http://www.orphee.com . If you regard to get a full essay, order it on our website:
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